To analyze the life situation of people with disabilities and to summarize the evidence of measures to support their participation, the World Health Assembly requested the World Health Organization to produce a World Report on Disability. This article highlights some of the main contents of the World Report on Disability, with a special focus on the rehabilitation chapter. It starts by presenting epidemiologic findings on the global disability prevalence, views on the role of rehabilitation medicine, discrepancies between met and unmet needs, and challenges for the quality of rehabilitation services and ends with an outlook on the report's recommendations and efforts toward their implementation.

This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on how to attribute and evaluate the contribution of transdisciplinary research to sustainable development. As co-created knowledge is a key product of transdisciplinary research, we tested the hypothesis that the extent to which this knowledge is utilized beyond the projects consortia, in different areas-from scientific methods and insights to policy decisions-and across a continuum of geographical scales can be used to identify potential impact pathways. With this aim we developed an analytical framework that links the transdisciplinary process to six possible utilization stages as indicators for usability of co-created knowledge and implemented it using a survey and semi-structured interviews in 22 research projects active in 36 countries. Our results show that even during the implementation of the projects, co-created knowledge is utilized by multiple actors at different stages, in all areas and scales simultaneously, suggesting multiple impact pathways. Utilization of project knowledge was predominantly indicated for national-level policymaking and research partners named co-creation of knowledge with key stakeholders as the most frequently used mechanism for promoting knowledge utilization. Closer analysis showed different understandings of and approaches to knowledge co-creation. These can be linked to weaker or stronger definitions of transdisciplinarity. The analysis shows that when using strong transdisciplinarity approaches researchers need to face challenges in encompassing multiple epistemologies and in facilitating dialogue. Some results suggest that inclusion and collaboration by co-created knowledge can empower actors otherwise excluded. Our research shows that although transdisciplinary projects have non-linear impact pathways, these can be partially assessed using the proposed analytical framework. Further, our results indicate interesting links between usability-through knowledge utilization-inclusion and collaboration regarding knowledge co-creation in transdisciplinary research. We conclude with the observation that transdisciplinarity and its requirements still need to be better understood by actors within and beyond the research community.

No abstract

We followed adolescents and adults living with HIV aged older than 15 years who enrolled in a South African private-sector HIV programme to examine adherence and viral non-suppression (viral load > 400 copies/mL) of participants with (20,743, 38%) and without (33,635, 62%) mental health diagnoses. Mental health diagnoses were associated with unfavourable adherence patterns. The risk of viral non-suppression was higher among patients with organic mental disorders [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–1.96], substance use disorders (aRR 1.53, 95% CI 1.19–1.97), serious mental disorders (aRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09–1.54), and depression (aRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10–1.28) when compared with patients without mental health diagnoses. The risk of viral non-suppression was also higher among males, adolescents (15–19 years), and young adults (20–24 years). Our study highlights the need for psychosocial interventions to improve HIV treatment outcomes—particularly of adolescents and young adults—and supports strengthening mental health services in HIV treatment programmes.