This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri butio n-NonCo mmerc ial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. AbstractAim: To analyse the relationship between Spanish nurses' intention to migrate and job security.Background: Nursing emigration from Spain increased dramatically between 2010 and 2013. By 2015, emigration had returned to 2010 levels.Methods: Single embedded case study. We examined publicly available statistics to test for a relationship between job security and applications by Spanish nurses to have credentials recognized for emigration purposes.Results: Between 2010 and 2015, job security worsened, with poor access to the profession for new graduates, increased rate of professional dropout, increased nursing jobseekers and falling numbers of permanent contracts. Conclusions:The number of accreditation applications in Spain in 2010 and 2015 was very similar, but job security worsened on a number of fronts. The distribution of work through part-time contracts aided retention. Implications for nursing management:Policymakers and health care administrators can benefit from understanding the relationship between mobility, workforce planning and the availability of full-time, part-time and short-term contract work in order to design nursing retention programmes and ensure the sustainability of the health care system. K E Y W O R D Semigration and immigration, job security, nurses, precarious work, Spain, statistical indicators, workforce

Aim: This study aims to describe the hiring of nurses in Catalonia and the rest of Spain over 10 years.Background: Precarious employment (PE) has negative consequences for nurses' quality of life and work performance.Methods: Quantitative study using a retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive design.We analysed publicly available employment data from Catalonia and the rest of Spain. Results: Nurses are among the health professionals with the lowest proportion of open-term (permanent) contracts, 25% during the first 4 years of employment. During the study period, each nurse hired had an average of 3.44 contracts per year. The proportion of nurses with a fixed-term (non-permanent) contract shrank from 25.3% in 2006 to 20.5% in 2012 and grew rapidly to 38.7% in 2018. We estimate that 14,800 nurses signed fixed-term contracts in 2018 without ever having registered as unemployed in nursing. Conclusion: High rates of fixed-term hiring and the high number of contracts per nurse are evidence of a high level of PE for nurses in Catalonia. Implications for Nursing Management: When policymakers and workforce planners design recruitment and retention programmes for nurses, they should consider improving working conditions by extending more open-term contracts to combat PE and, indirectly, the shortage of nurses.

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The search for an efficient method to enhance data cognition is especially important when managing data from multidimensional databases. Open data policies have dramatically increased not only the volume of data available to the public, but also the need to automate the translation of data into efficient graphical representations. Graphic automation involves producing an algorithm that necessarily contains inputs derived from the type of data. A set of rules are then applied to combine the input variables and produce a graphical representation. Automated systems, however, fail to provide an efficient graphical representation because they only consider either a one-dimensional characterization of variables, which leads to an overwhelmingly large number of available solutions, a compositional algebra that leads to a single solution, or requires the user to predetermine the graphical representation. Therefore, we propose a multidimensional characterization of statistical variables that when complemented with a catalog of graphical representations that match any single combination, presents the user with a more specific set of suitable graphical representations to choose from. Cognitive studies can then determine the most efficient perceptual procedures to further shorten the path to the most efficient graphical representations. The examples used herein are limited to graphical representations with three variables given that the number of combinations increases drastically as the number of selected variables increases.