Bladder carcinomas are common medical problem of modern society. They represent second most common malignancy of genito-urinary sistem. Rhabdomyosarcoma is on of most common soft tissue tumor in infants and children, arising from immature cells destined to differentiate into striated muscle cells. On the other hand, bladder rhabdomyosarcomas in the adult population are extremely rare and so far only few cases are described in literature. We present a patient in the seventh decade of life, successfully operated from a rare type of embryonic bladder rhabdomyosarcoma, botrioid subtype.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality in men population. Multifactorial etiology, unpredictable course and outcome of the disease put survival determining factors of disease in the spotlight. One of new survival prognostic factors is Charlson Comorbidity Index-CCI. We presented basic characteristics of CCI, literature review regarding the CCI, as well as advantages and disadvantages of this index. CCI represents optimal balance between ease of use and prognostic capabilities. CCI value significantly contributes to better assessment of the long-term survival and the selection of appropriate cancer therapy.

Axial non-contrast CT scan is the standard technique in patients with head and/or face injury. The three dimensional CT imaging reconstruction is becoming a gold standard in trauma of maxillofacial region enabling a clear perception of fracture lines and resulting displacement of fracture fragments. Le Fort fractures are fractures of the midface. In Le Fort type 3 fracture the craniofacial disjunction is present. A 91-yearold female had a mild facial trauma as a result of accidental fall. Axial CT scan showed artifacts, but three dimensional CT imaging reconstruction showed typical Le Fort type 3 fracture. Since clinical and 3D CT reconstruction finding were in complete contradiction, we repeated CT scan, which showed normal finding. This case is shows that in an era of incredible progress of neuroradiology, clinical examination still remains the best diagnostic tool.

ApstraktKarcinom mokraćne bešike predstavlja načešći malignitet urinarnog trakta. Primarni standardni tretman tumora mokraćne bešike je transuretralna resekcija (TUR), ali procenat recidiva kod pacijenata tretiranih samo TUR-om je do 70%, a procenat progresije tumora tj, invazije u mišićni sloj je oko 30%, a to su pacijenti kojima je indikovano radikalno operativno leče-nje. Intravezikalna instalacija bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) nakon TUR tumora mokraćne bešike predstavlja dokazano najefikasnije pomoćno sredstvo u lečenju i profilaksi površinskih karcinoma mokraćne bešike. Cilj našeg rada je poređenje ishoda lečenja pacijenata podvrgnutih TUR sa pacijentima lečenim kombinovanom terapijom koja obuhvata sprovođenje imunoterapije intravezikalnom instalacijom BCG nakon TUR. Rezltati prikazani u radu predstavljaju izvod rezultata prospektivno-retrospektivne studije koja se od januara 2013. godine sprovodi na odeljenju Urologije KBC Zemun. AbstractBladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract. The primary standard treatment of the bladder tumors is transurethral resection (TUR), however the percentage of relapse in patients treated with TUR only is up to 70%, and the percentage of tumor progression (invasion of muscle layer) is about 30%. In these patients radical surgical treatment is indicated. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) installation after TUR of bladder tumors is the most effective support treatment of superficial bladder cancers.The aim of our study was to compare treatment outcomes of patients undergoing TUR to patients treated with combined therapy (BCG immunotherapy after TUR). Results presented in this paper are extracted results of a prospective -retrospective study which is carried out and ongoing at Urology department in Clinical Hospitel Zemun since january 2013.Ključne reči: bladder cancer; bacillus CalmetteGuerin; immunotherapy UvodKarcinom mokraćne bešike predstavlja načešći malignitet urinarnog trakta. Javlja se skoro tri puta češće kod muškaraca 1, 2 . Procenjena ukupna petogodišnja prevalenca na nivou svetske populacije iznosi 1,110,265 slučajeva karcinoma mokraćne bešike. Prevalenca mišićno neinvazivnih karcinoma mokraćne bešike je oko deste puta veća od njihove incidence, zbog čega uopšteno karcinomi mokraćne bešike predstavljaju veliko ekonomsko opterećenje na zdravstvene sisteme. Zanimljiv je podatak da kumulativni troškovi po pacijentu od trenutka dijagnoze do smrti pacijenta čine karcinom mokraćne bešike najskupljim malignitetom za lečenje 3 . U 2002. godini odobrena je TNM klasifikacija (tumor/limfni čvor/metastaza) karcinoma mokraćne bešike od strane "the Union International Contre le Cancer", koja je široko prihvaćena. Iako je TNM klasifikacija

Introduction Angiomyolipomas represent neoplasms of mesenchymal origin, made up of abnormal thick-walled blood vessels, smooth spindle muscle cells, and mature adipose cells. The most common site of origin are kidneys, and other localizations are extremely rare. We represent a case of a spermatic cord angiomyolipoma misdiagnosed as incarcerated inguinoscrotal hernia, and to our prudence this is second described case of an angiomyolipoma localized in the spermatic cord. Case outline We present a case of a 63-year-old man presented with high fever and difficulty in walking due to pain and swelling in the right groin. According to the clinical examination and laboratory tests, presumptive diagnosis was incarcerated inguinoscrotal hernia, so the patient was immediately operated on. The exploration of the inguinal canal showed a timorous mass, 9 × 9 cm in size, with the origin from the spermatic cord, so radical inguinal orchiectomy was performed with the removal of the tumor mass. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry examination suggested angiomyolipoma of the spermatic cord. The postoperative course was uneventful. Conclusion Although rare, an angiomyolipoma of the spermatic cord must be included in the differential diagnosis of scrotal masses. Also, we advocate additional diagnostic procedures (ultrasound or computed tomography) for every inguinoscrotal mass before undertaking surgery, since a variety of different causes can be found. After definitive angiomyolipoma diagnosis is obtained, further investigation is needed, especially brain computed tomography due to possible tuberous sclerosis coexistence.