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The leaves of P. edulis were subjected to physicochemical analysis, such as ion content, extractives, and structural molecules. The hexanic, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts were submitted to phytochemical analyzes by GC-MS, HPLC-MS, and spectrophotometry. In addition, antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS and TAA methods) potential, antimicrobial (MIC method) action, cytotoxicity and immunostimulant activity (flow cytometry analysis) were performed.The extracts showed a moderate antioxidant capacity and revealed the presence of several metabolites, mainly phenols, such as caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and luteolin. The ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts showed antifungal activity. In addition, the extracts did not affect splenocytes viability at 12.5 μg/mL and promoted the production of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TNF-α cytokines. P. edulis extracts showed antifungal and antioxidant activity and were able to induce immunostimulatory action in splenocyte cultures in vitro.

Caesalpinia pulcherrima is a species widely used in folk medicine for various diseases such as fever, infections and mouth ulcers. In addition, scientific studies have reported medicinal properties such as antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate if organic extracts obtained from leaves of C. pulcherrima have medicinal properties. Three organic extracts were obtained (hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol) from the leaves collected from the Soxhlet equipment. The characterization was made by GC-MS and UPLC-MS and biological properties as antioxidant (AAT, DPPH, ABTS and lipid peroxidation radicals), antimicrobial, cytotoxicity and immunostimulant (using splenocytes of mice Balb/c) were investigated. Results showed several classes of secondary metabolites, but the ethyl acetate showed more phenols and flavonoids than the other extracts. Extracts showed good results in antioxidant tests, especially the ethyl acetate, but did not show antibacterial activity. The fungal evaluation showed high antifungal properties, especially the hexanic and the ethyl acetate against Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus terreu, Candida krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans strains. Cytotoxicity evaluation showed that under 25 μg/mL are the safety doses that can be used for in vitro tests, besides that, extracts were able to induce cytokine stimulation. These results show that the ethyl acetate extract was the best formulation found in this study to be used against fungal infections, for antioxidant proposes and for promote immunostimulation.

Em todo o mundo são produzidos, diariamente, muitos resíduos agroindustriais provenientes de diferentes tipos de processos industriais. Ressaltando aqueles realizados por indústrias de polpas e sucos que descartam a maior parte do peso total das frutas (cascas e sementes). Esses resíduos contêm grandes quantidades de nutrientes, como açúcares, minerais e proteínas, que podem ser biotransformados em moléculas de interesse tecnológico através da aplicação de processos biotecnológicos. Dentre eles, os processos fermentativos com fungos filamentosos vêm como alternativa promissora, pois esses microrganismos são relatados como grandes produtores de metabólitos secundários com aplicação médica e farmacêutica. Como, por exemplo, os biocorantes que são substâncias que proporcionam cor e podem agregar atividade biológica aos produtos, como ação antioxidante e antimicrobiana. O presente trabalho trata-se de uma revisão narrativa sobre o potencial uso de diferentes tipos de resíduos agroindustriais como substratos nutritivos para crescimento fúngico e a produção industrial de seus metabólitos bioativos.