Two series of 2,4 thiazolidinedione derivatives (T 1 -T 4 ) and (T 5 -T 8 ) containing substituted imidazoles and one series of 5-substituted 2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives (T 9 -T 12 ) were designed and synthesized. The chemical structures of all the three series of 2,4 thiazolidinedione derivatives have been elucidated by spectral studies (IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and Mass spectra). The compounds were screened for their anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-9144, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC-155, Escherichia coli ATCC-25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-2853 bacterial species and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger ATCC-9029, Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC-46645 by the paper disc diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the compounds were also determined by the agar streak dilution method. Among the synthesized compounds methyl-2-(4-((3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,4-dioxothiazolidine-5-ylidene) methyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl) acetate (T 2 ), methyl-2-(5-((1-(2-(4-fluorophenylthio)ethyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methylene)-2,4-dioxo thiazolidin-3-yl)acetate (T 4 ) and methyl-2-(2-((3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,4-dioxothiazolidine-5-ylidene) methyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl) acetate (T 8 ) were found to possess moderately potent antimicrobial activity with MIC of 1.9, 1.4, 1.6, 0.56, 8.8, 2.3 lg/ml (T 2 ), 3.8, 2.2, 1.6, 2.8, 7.9, 1.7 lg/ml (T 4 ) and 2.7, 3.39, 3.2, 1.4, 8.2, 3.4 lg/ml (T 8 ) against the above mentioned respective strains. All other compounds had shown mild to moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities. ª 2014 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

Majority of esophageal foreign bodies occur in children of pre-school age group followed by older children and adolescents. Foreign body ingestion is distinctly uncommon in infants when gross and fine motor skills are in the evolving phase. We present the case of an 8 month old female child presenting with features of suppurative pericarditis following ingestion of open safety pin causing cardiac tamponade. Emergency thoracotomy and drainage of pericardial collection was done relieving tamponade. The open safety pin was removed at a second surgery through laparotomy and gastrotomy after pushing the pin into the stomach with an endoscope. (Ind J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 25: 38-39)

Bochdalek hernia (BH) is the commonest congenital diaphragmatic hernia, caused by the failure of the posterolateral diaphragmatic foramina to fuse properly. It is extremely rare in adults and accounts for 5-10%. Presenting a case of 48 years female with complaints of dry cough and left chest pain for 1 week. Diminished breath sounds and abnormal gurgling sounds heard on auscultation of left chest wall. X-ray chest showed elevated left hemi diaphragm and gastric bubble. Computed tomography (CT) chest revealed left diaphragmatic hernia with splenic flexure, transverse colon, mesocolon, spleen and upper pole of left kidney as content and atelectasis of left lung lower lobe. Patient underwent laparoscopic repair of hernia with mesh plasty. Intraoperatively, the contents were reduced into the abdominal cavity and left lung expansion noted. The defect of size 6×10 cm in the left diaphragm was sutured and composite mesh placed. Post-operative chest x-ray showed expanded left lung. On follow up of patient after 2 weeks and 1 month, patient was asymptomatic. BH in adults is an uncommon. The contents can be reduced via thoracic or abdominal approach, with abdominal approach having easier access. With the advent of minimal access techniques, delineating clear anatomy, more working space, early recovery, and early return to home and work is possible. Thus, laparoscopic repair of adult diaphragmatic hernia is a safe and effective modality of surgical treatment.