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PR and IR increased with the addition of each sHLA-G+ embryo, regardless of age. While there are significant barriers to routine embryo sHLA-G testing, we believe that if implemented, this would provide a mechanism for optimizing IVF PR while minimizing the risk of multiple pregnancies.

The objective of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between sperm parameters, measured by sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), and spontaneous abortion and multiple births in couples undergoing assisted reproduction treatment. Retrospective analysis of infertility treatment outcomes and occurrence of spontaneous abortion and multiple births was conducted in 233 couples who underwent treatment by intracytoplasmic sperm injection or intrauterine insemination at the Sher Institute for Reproductive Medicine, between 2001 and 2004. Sperm samples used for treatments were analysed for sperm concentration, sperm motility and two different parameters of SCSA (DNA fragmentation index, DFI, and high DNA stainability, HDS). Pregnancy, spontaneous abortion and multiple birth rates were recorded for all couples. A statistically significant relationship (P<0.001) was observed between DFI and spontaneous abortion. However, the correlation between HDS and spontaneous abortion was not statistically significant. Significantly lower levels of DFI were observed in men from couples having triplet pregnancies compared with those in the spontaneous abortion group (P ≤ 0.05). It is concluded that the parameters of SCSA correlate significantly with spontaneous abortion and multiple birth and may provide guidance for clinical decision making (number of embryos per transfer) and management of spontaneous abortion-prone cases.

To evaluate the association between neutral alpha-glucosidase (NAG) activity and sperm DNA fragmentation (DFI), ejaculates from 24 men undergoing evaluation for sperm DNA damage as a part of infertility assessment were analysed. The mean +/- SD and range for the semen quality of the 24 ejaculates are as follows: volume (3.1 +/- 1.3, 1.8-6.0 ml); sperm concentration (45.6 +/- 41.1, 1.3-151.2 x 10(6) ml(-1)); sperm motility (52.8 +/- 28.8, 1-95%); sperm with fragmented DNA (17.6 +/- 15.4, 1.7-56.0%); sperm with immature chromatin (9.6 +/- 3.8, 2.5-19.1%); NAG activity (37.9 +/- 18.3, 4.4-75.3 mU ml(-1)). The only sperm parameter significantly correlated with neutral alpha-glucosidase is the percentage of sperm DFI [correlation coefficient (r) = 0.4376, P = 0.03].

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