PurposeThe aim of this study is to report peripheral reperfusion of ischemic areas of the retina on ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFA) following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal injections in patients treated for diabetic retinopathy.MethodsThis study is a retrospective review of 16 eyes of 15 patients with diabetic retinopathy, who received anti-VEGF intravitreal injections and underwent pre- and postinjection UWFA. The main outcome measured was the presence of reperfusion in postinjection UWFA images in areas of the retina that demonstrated nonperfusion in preinjection images. Images were analyzed for reperfusion qualitatively and quantitatively by two graders.ResultsTwelve of 16 eyes (75%) or 11 of 15 patients (73.3%) demonstrated reperfusion following anti-VEGF injection. On UWFA, reperfusion was detected both within the field of 7-standard field (7SF) fluorescein angiography and in the periphery outside the 7SF. Four of 16 eyes or 4 of 15 patients did not demonstrate reperfusion, one of which had extensive scarring from prior panretinal photocoagulation.ConclusionIn patients with diabetic retinopathy, treatment with anti-VEGF agents can be associated with reperfusion of areas of nonperfusion, as demonstrated by UWFA.

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Study Type – Therapy (outcomes research) Level of Evidence 2b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Intracavernosal injection (ICI) therapy is an important treatment option for erectile dysfunction. However, high discontinuation rates have been reported for ICI therapy, and a risk of priapism has long been a concern. There has never been a large sample study performed with multivariate analysis to characterise outcomes of ICI therapy. The present paper reviews ICI therapy outcomes in a very large population of men at a tertiary care Sexual Medicine Clinic over 5 years. Multivariate analysis was used to further characterise these outcomes. The present study shows that for a large percentage of our sample of patients, ICI therapy is a successful treatment strategy. And, while discontinuation rates are still high, many of those not continuing ICI therapy achieved success with phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Also, the incidence of priapism was less in the present study than previously reported. OBJECTIVES To review the outcomes, adverse events and discontinuation rates of intracavernosal injection (ICI) therapy in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) in a sexual medicine practice over a 5‐year period at a tertiary referral centre. Since 1983, ICI has become a staple therapeutic option and high success rates have been reported. However, priapism is a significant concern and discontinuation rates are estimated to be >50%. PATIENTS AND METHODS Men presenting with ED who were enrolled in our ICI programme between September 2002 and August 2006 were followed at least annually. Patient demographic information, agents used, erectile function outcomes and adverse events were recorded. Failure was defined as the inability to have penetrative sex. Discontinuation was defined as patient declaration of such, failure to attend an annual follow‐up visit or failure to call for a repeat prescription. Multivariable analysis was used to define predictors of failure to respond to ICI therapy, as well as predictors of discontinuation within 36 months of starting ICI in those patients responding. RESULTS In all, 1412 patients had complete data and constituted the study population. Most patients were using Trimix and 89% of Trimix users were capable of having sexual intercourse. Response rates were lower in pelvic radiation and diabetic patients. However, the discontinuation rate was significant; it was lower in men who had not undergone radical prostatectomy (RP). Of note, many RP patients discontinued ICI because of recovery of natural or phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor‐assisted erections. CONCLUSIONS ICI therapy is associated with very high success rates even in men with high comorbidity profiles; however, the discontinuation rates, even in men who had not undergone RP, by the end of the third year are significant. Of note, the recorded priapism rate was extremely low (0.5%).

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a blinding infection that affects immunocompromised patients who are unable to generate a T-cell response against the organism. Infusion of CMV-specific leukocytes has been shown to be effective in patients with systemic CMV infection, especially those resistant to standard therapies. We report a case of a patient with CMV viremia with retinitis in whom infusion of third-party donor derived CMV pp65-specific T-cells alone prompted resolution of CMV retinitis in this patient. This case suggests a potential role for CMV-specific leukocyte infusion in the treatment of CMV retinitis, especially in cases resistant to or refractory or antiviral therapies.

Purpose: This article assesses anatomical and visual outcomes after intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in fellow eyes with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 349 patients diagnosed with wet AMD between 2005 and 2017 at a single academic institution. Initial diagnosis of unilateral wet AMD and a minimum follow-up time of 1 year after diagnosis were required for inclusion. Individuals were excluded if the initial diagnosis of wet AMD was made at an outside institution, if they had received prior treatment at another institution, or if they had bilateral wet AMD at the time of inclusion. Best-corrected visual acuity, optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters, and frequency and type of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections were recorded. MedCalc Statistical Software version 17.6 (MedCalc Software) and GraphPad Software (GraphPad Software, Inc) were used for statistical analysis. Results: Of the 349 patients with wet AMD, 192 were included in the study (55%). Of these, 47 (24.5%) developed wet AMD in the fellow eye. The average time to second-eye conversion was 2.6 years, with fellow-eye conversion more likely to occur after 2 years of unilateral disease. On average, patients received 2.16 fewer injections per year in the fellow eye compared with the initially diagnosed eye ( P = .03), and fellow eyes tended to have better OCT results after 12 months of treatment. In addition, compared with ranibizumab and bevacizumab, aflibercept injections appeared to improve visual acuity both in initially diagnosed and fellow eyes. Conclusions: Exudative AMD in the fellow eye has a decreased treatment burden and better visual outcomes compared with the initial eye, which may be attributed to more frequent surveillance and early diagnosis.