Objective: To estimate the implant surface temperature at titanium dental implants during calibrated irradiation using double wavelength laser.Material and methods: A double wavelength laser, 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG and 940 nm diode, was calibrated and used to irradiate pristine titanium dental implants, OsseoSpeed, TiUnite and Roxolid SLActive, representing different surface modifications. Initial calibration (21 implants; 7 implants/group) intended to identify optimal wavelength/specific output power/energy that not critically increased the temperature or altered the micro-texture of the implant surface. Subsequent experimental study (30 implants; 10 implants/group) evaluated implant surface temperature changes over 190 s. Irradiation using a computerized robotic setup.Results: Based on the initial calibration, the following output powers/energies were employed: Er,Cr:YSGG laser 18.4 mJ/pulse (7.3 J/cm 2 )-36.2 mJ/pulse (14.4 J/cm 2 ) depending on implant surface; diode laser 3.3 W (1321.0 W/cm 2 ). During double wavelength irradiation, implant surface temperatures dropped over the first 20 s from baseline 37 C to mean temperatures ranging between 25.7 and 26.3 C. Differences in mean temperatures between OsseoSpeed and TiUnite implants were statistically significant (p < 0.001). After the initial 20 s, mean temperatures continued to decrease for all implant surfaces. The decrease was significantly greater for TiUnite and Roxolid SLActive compared with OsseoSpeed implants (p < 0.001). Conclusion:Calibrated double wavelength laser irradiation did not critically influence the implant surface temperature. During laser irradiation the temperature decreased rapidly to steady-state levels, close to the water/air-spray temperature.

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate morphology alterations, chemical composition, and topography of moderately rough dental implants following double-wavelength laser irradiation.Material and Methods: Commercial-grade titanium dental implants representing different surface characteristics (Osseospeed [OS], TiUnite [TiU], and Roxolid SLActive [RS]) were used. Laser irradiation was performed using a computer-controlled robotic device with calibrated energy/power settings and deionized water spray. Micro-, nanomorphology surface alterations, chemical composition, and surface topography (S a , S ds , S dr ) in the test group (laser plus water), control group A (water only), and control group B (no treatment) were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energydispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and white light laser profilometer (Interferometry).Results: SEM-evaluation revealed minor between-group differences in micro-and nano-morphology within each implant system. Significant overall differences in surface element content were observed between the test and control group B for all implant systems (p < .05). For the test compared with control group B, statistically significantly higher oxygen content was detected for OS and RS (p < .05), a corresponding significant difference was detected for carbon for TiU (p < .05). For RS, a significantly lower content of titanium and zirconium was detected within the test group (p < .05). A significant difference in topography between test and control group B was observed for OS (S a : p = .039 and S dr : p = .041) with the highest roughness value for control group B.Conclusions: Altered chemical composition and surface topography were observed for all implant surfaces compared with untreated control following double wavelength laser irradiation. A clinical evaluation of the impact of the altered surface composition following double wavelength laser irradiation on the ability to reosseointegrate appears warranted.

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