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A dolgozat a gyepek és a vadgazdálkodás kapcsolatát vizsgálja. Három kérdésre koncentrál:- a gyep, mint élőhely,- a gyep, mint szaporodóhely,- a gyep, mint takarmányforrás.5 nagyvad faj és 5 apróvad faj figyelembe vételével saját kutatások és a szakirodalom elemző feldolgozása után a témában levonható fontosabb következtetések:- a gyep ökoszisztémaként sokkal fontosabb a vadgazdálkodásban, mint csupán takarmányforrásként,- a gyepek területi arányukhoz képest 2-3-szor fontosabbak az apróvad fajok (mezei nyúl, fácán, fogoly, vadludak) élőhely választásában,- a gyepet inkább változatos vegetációjú területeken preferálják a vadfajok,- a vadfajok élőhely választásában erőteljes a szezonalitás, a gyep inkább a tavaszi-kora nyári időszakban kedvelt élőhely,- aszerint, hogy a gyep mennyire fontos táplálék forrása a vadfajoknak, kedveltségi sorrend állítható fel:I. alig fogyasztanak gyepet: gímszarvas, vaddisznó, vadrécékII. fogyasztja, de nem fő táplálék: dámszarvasIII. más táplálékok mellett keresi a gyepet: őz, muflonIV. fontos táplálkozó helye a gyep: fácán, fogolyV. gyep a fő táplálék: mezei nyúl, vadludak

During winter, a large number of rooks gather and defecate at the park of a university clinic. We investigated the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Escherichia coli in these birds and compared recovered isolates with contemporary human isolates. In 2016, fecal samples were collected from 112 trap-captured rooks and investigated for presence of ESBL producers using eosin methylene blue agar supplemented by 2 mg/L cefotaxime; 2,455 contemporary human fecal samples of patients of the clinics sent for routine culturing were tested similarly. In addition, 42 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates collected during the same period from inpatients were also studied. ESBL genes were sought for by PCR and were characterized by sequencing; E. coli ST131 clones were identified. Epidemiological relatedness was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and confirmed using whole genome sequencing in selected cases. Thirty-seven (33%) of sampled rooks and 42 (1.7%) of human stools yielded ESBL-producing E coli. Dominant genes were blaCTX–M–55 and blaCTX–M–27 in corvid, blaCTX–M–15 and blaCTX–M–27 in human isolates. ST162 was common among rooks. Two rook-derived E. coli belonged to ST131 C1-M27, which was also predominant (10/42) among human fecal and (15/42) human clinical isolates. Another potential link between rooks and humans was a single ST744 rook isolate grouped with one human fecal and three clinical isolates. Despite possible contact, genotypes shared between rooks and humans were rare. Thus, rooks are important as long-distance vectors and reservoirs of ESBL-producing E. coli rather than direct sources of infections to humans in our setting.

This study presents the legal institutions that temporarily interrupt the chain of procedural actions of the judicial foreclosure, namely the interruption, suspension and intermission of the foreclosure. In the publication - as an acting lawyer - pragmatism has an emphasised role and it highlights the problems that arise when applying the legal institutions and offers alternatives and de lege ferenda solutions. The author seeks to draw the reader's attention to the interrelations and differences between legal institutions for the sake of clarity. Furthermore the speciality of this study is that it uses the civil procedural regulations which are applicable as a background standard for the Code of Judicial Foreclosure, from the new Code of Civil Procedure which entered into force on 1 January 2018, referring in several places simultaneously to the regulations of the previous CCP.

Hungary’s great cormorant stock did not use to be a considerable one before the 1980s. After that, their number has been rising significantly. The size of the stock now is rather stagnating or slightly growing. The presence of cormorants has been significant around ponds of the Hortobágy Fish Farm in the past few years. Due to considerable fish consumption of cormorants it is essential to know which and what kinds of units of the ponds (spawning, supply, and market) are preferred by the birds in order to see to adequate protection. The aim of our research was to discover any differences in the number of cormorants present at particular units of the fishpond system and certain ponds of equal kinds within them. Our observations were in line with the methods used in ornithological researches. The experiment took place between April and October 2012 on a monthly basis. According to the results we found relevant differences in the number of cormorants based on the seasons and months as well. This fact was supported by statistical data. During the autumn and winter birds prefer supply and market purpose ponds while their presence here is vanishing during the summer. Relevant presence of cormorants around the area of the Old Fishponds (70 to 200 specimens) might be due to lack of disturbance and large sizes of the ponds. Our research has great scientific relevance since it is vital to be aware of the preferred periods and areas in order to maintain effective protection; this way alerting activities can be applied in a more harmonized way. By keeping our research up as a monitoring activity, we will be able to receive more precise data later on.