Evidence before this studyWe searched PubMed with the search terms "randomized OR randomised" AND " Implications of all the available evidenceThe pathogens isolated in this study are consistent with those commonly observed in patients with NP, including VAP. NP is among the most serious bacterial infections, and -lactams are frequently the cornerstone of antimicrobial therapy in this setting. These results add to the evidence base demonstrating the efficacy and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam in treating infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens, including those considered non-susceptible to ceftazidime. These findings collectively support a role for ceftazidime-avibactam as a potential alternative to carbapenems in patients with serious infections caused by Gramnegative pathogens, including NP/VAP.

AstraZeneca.

In the phase III CASPIAN study, first-line durvalumab plus etoposide in combination with either cisplatin or carboplatin (EP) significantly improved overall survival (primary endpoint) versus EP alone in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) at the interim analysis. Here we report patientreported outcomes (PROs). Materials and methods: Treatment-naïve patients with ES-SCLC received 4 cycles of durvalumab plus EP every 3 weeks followed by maintenance durvalumab every 4 weeks until progression, or up to 6 cycles of EP every 3 weeks. PROs, assessed with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) version 3 and its lung cancer module, the Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lung Cancer 13 (QLQ-LC13), were prespecified secondary endpoints. Changes from baseline to disease progression or 12 months in prespecified key disease-related symptoms (cough, dyspnea, chest pain, fatigue, appetite loss) were analyzed with a mixed model for repeated measures. Time to deterioration (TTD) of symptoms, functioning, and global health status/quality of life (QoL) from randomization was analyzed. Results: In the durvalumab plus EP and EP arms, 261 and 260 patients were PRO-evaluable. Patients in both arms experienced numerically reduced symptom burden over 12 months or until progression for key symptoms.

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