Sonographic measurements of the umbilical cord and vessels were performed in 368 uncomplicated pregnancies, and nomograms of their growth were constructed. All measurements were obtained in appropriate for gestational age fetuses in pregnancies with accurate dating. From the above measurements, an estimate of Wharton's jelly quantity (expressed as square millimeters) was calculated. The nomograms presented add another biometric measurement of normally growing fetuses and may serve to differentiate between them and those who are found to have umbilical cord abnormalities.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the umbilical cord measurements in pregnant patients with gestational diabetes. We found that the umbilical cord was significantly larger in fetuses of mothers with gestational diabetes than in the normal population and that the main increase in the width is attributed to an increase in Wharton jelly content. It is suggested that this finding may be an additional parameter that can differentiate between the appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age fetus from a normal pregnancy and that from a pregnancy in a mother with gestational diabetes, and between the macrosomic fetus of a diabetic pregnancy from the genetically large fetus.

The incidence of reactive hypoglycemia during the 100-g oral glucose tolerance test in our population is 6.3%. Women who experience hypoglycemia during the test have a significantly lower incidence of gestational diabetes and neonatal birth weights.

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