On-road measurements of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitric oxide from 5772 heavy-duty diesel trucks at five locations in the United States and Europe show slightly increasing emissions with increasing altitude. The result for nitric oxide showed a statistically significant increase of 4.1 +/- 1 gNO/kg of fuel consumed/km increase in altitude. The increases for CO and HC were also statistically significant.

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A novel NO x control technique based on the utilization of iron-containing compounds was studied. Iron-containing additives can be injected in small amounts either into the combustion zone or, if reburning is used, into the reburning zone to reduce NO x emissions. Tests in a 300-kW Boiler Simulator Facility demonstrate that iron additives achieve 20−30% NO x reduction without reburning, whereas in conjunction with reburning, they increase NO x reduction from about 60%, typical for conventional reburning, to about 80−85%. The additives tested included powdered metallic iron, iron oxides, iron waste, Fe(CO)5, char, and ash. Up to 1000 ppm (atomic Fe basis) was added to the flue gas. Experimental variables studied include additive composition and amount, injector location, and reburning heat input. Depending on the additive, the effect is dominated by either heterogeneous or homogeneous reactions.