This work investigates the rod-airfoil air flow by time-resolved Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry (TR-TOMO PIV) in thin-light volume configuration. Experiments are performed at the region close to the leading edge of a NACA0012 airfoil embedded in the von Kármán wake of a cylindrical rod. The 3D velocity field measured at 5 kHz is used to evaluate the instantaneous planar pressure field by integration of the pressure gradient field. The experimental data are treated with a discretized model based on multiple velocity measurements. The time separation used to evaluate the Lagrangian derivative along a fluid parcel trajectory has to be taken into account to reduce precision error. By comparing Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches, the latter is restricted to shorter time separations and is found not applicable to evaluate pressure gradient field if a relative precision error lower than 10% is required. Finally, the pressure evaluated from tomographic velocity measurements is compared to that obtained from simulated planar ones to discuss the effect of 3D flow phenomena on the accuracy of the proposed technique.

Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia.

Our aim was to determine the feasibility of 18 F-florbetaben PET in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis. Methods: 18 F-florbetaben PET was performed on 14 patients: 5 amyloid light chain, 5 amyloid transthyretin, and 4 control with hypertensive heart disease. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of 18 F-florbetaben activity were performed using the SUV mean of the left ventricular myocardium and blood pool and calculation of target-to-background SUV ratio. Myocardial 18 F-forbetaben retention was also calculated as the percentage mean myocardial SUV change between 0 and 5 min and 15 and 20 min after radiotracer injection. Global left ventricular longitudinal and right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain were calculated using 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Results: Targetto-background SUV ratio and percentage myocardial 18 F-forbetaben retention were higher in amyloid patients than in hypertensive controls. A cutoff of 40% was able to differentiate between cardiac amyloid patients and hypertensive controls. Percentage myocardial 18 F-forbetaben retention was an independent determinant of both global left ventricular longitudinal and right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain via an inverse curve relationship. Conclusion: 18 F-florbetaben PET imaging can accurately identify and differentiate between cardiac amyloidosis and hypertensive heart disease. Percentage myocardial 18 F-florbetaben retention was an independent determinant of myocardial dysfunction in cardiac amyloidosis.

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Primary open-angle glaucoma poses a significant economic burden, which will increase substantially by 2025. This dynamic model provides a valuable tool for ongoing policy formulation and determining the economic impact of interventions to better prevent visual impairment and blindness from glaucoma.