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The following is the theoretical and experimental analysis of the role of the third nucleotide in codons during protein biosynthesis. Its role is largely enhanced compared to the existing understanding. Third nucleotide functionally and symmetrically divides codon families in 32 synonyms and 32 SYnonymous-HOMonymous hybrid codons-SYHOMs. Wherein, the syhoms function is to initiate nonlocal ribosome analysis of mRNA, representing real context in DNA language. Such analysis is a natural necessity for selection of one amino acid from two different amino acids, and between amino acids or a stop position, in situations when a ribosome interacts with syhom codons which have dual coding. This was theoretically substantiated earlier [1] [2] [3]. Experimental work [4] confirmed this theory: It was demonstrated that two different amino acids, selenocysteine and cysteine, are coded by a single UGA-syhom-codon for Euplotes crassus infusoria. This result does not call into question the dogma of unambiguity of amino acids and stop position coding by the cells genome, but it requires amendments to the existing model of genetic coding. These amendments are based on an enhanced understanding of the special linguistic/semantic role of the third nucleotide in codons and on the acceptance of the idea of real, rather than metaphorical, textuality of protein genes (mRNA). Such comprehension of the speech-similarity of genes (mRNA) and the role that third nucleotide in codons plays in this, leads to a simple statement about the quasi-consciousness (biocomputing) of the protein-synthesizing-system and its ability to recognize the context (meaning) of mRNA to make the correct choice of amino acids and stops in a syhom situation, based on the meanings of gene texts (mRNA).

Background: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder found in individuals afflicted by a traumatic event including the natural disaster. "Tsunami" occurred in Andaman coast of Thailand on December 26, 2004, in which 33.6% of survivors were diagnosed as PTSD. This study aimed to explore the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). rs267943 genotype is located on chromosome 5 in the intron of the death-associated protein 1 (DAP1) gene and psychosocial factors for PTSD. Methods: Participants (N = 1970) were recruited from volunteers who have complete data both of DAP1 gene and psychosocial factor. Results: Using a binary logistic regression model, significant gene-environment interactions were found for the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs267943 and psychosocial factors including depression (adj. OR = 6.0, 95% CI = 4.29-8.39), neurotic personality (adj.

This is an attempt to explain mRNA-dependent non-stationary semantic values of codons (triplets) and nucleotides (letters) in codon composition during protein biosynthesis. This explanation is realized by comparing the different protein codes of various biosystem taxa, and, comparing mitochondrial code with the standard code. An initial mRNA transcriptional virtuality (Virtual-Reality) is transformed into material reality at the level of translation of virtual triplets into real (material) amino acids or into a real stop command of protein biosynthesis. The transformation of virtuality into reality occurs de

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