1. Studiesofwhole-body balancesof non-metabolizable base(NB)and severalminerals, and of relevant acid-base quantities in blood and urine, were carried out in two 6-month-old ruminating Holstein x Friesian bull calves fed on fixed rations containing 500 g barley straw/kg diet (group A) to examine the quantitatively important components of the balance of NB and determine the rates of mineral and NB retention associated with normal body growth.2. Parallel balance studies were conducted in six other bull calves given fixed rations containing 500 g alkali-treated barley straw/kg diet to evaluate the effects of long-term alkali-straw feeding on the rates of body growth and skeletal mineral and NB deposition and the renal control of extracellular electrolyte and acid-base status. The straw component was treated either with 50 g sodium hydroxide/kg dry matter (DM) (group B; two calves), or with 50 g or 100 g NaOH/kg DM and subsequently neutralized with hydrochloric acid (groups C and D ; two calves per group). In all groups the animals were given free access to tap water.3. Throughout the total 105 d experiment, all animals remained healthy and gained weight. Normal body growth (group A) was associated with a positive balance of NB (1-2 mmol/kg live weight (LW) per d) due to continuing deposition of dietary NB in 'new tissue', largely in the developing skeleton.4. During 105 d alkali-straw feeding, the animals showed a remarkable ability to cope with dietary loads of NaOH or sodium chloride, up to about 30 mmol/kg LW per d, without any significant disturbance of extracellular acid-base and electrolyte status or body growth rate. The surplus mineral and NB loads were absorbed and subsequently excreted in an increased volume of urine. Rates of mineral and NB retention were not significantly different from the reference values of group A and remained within the range of values reported from similar studies. In all groups, maintenance of normal whole blood and plasma acid-base and electrolyte status was accounted for by efficient renal control of the composition of the extracellular fluid compartment.
Zusammenfassung Propionsäure‐Produktion im Pansen nach Fütterung von unbehandeltem oder NaOH‐behandeltem Stroh Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung der Propionsäure‐Produktion im Pansen nach Verreichung von unbehandeltem und mit 5 % NaOH behandeltem Stroh wurden an zwei Kühen mit Pansenfistel durchgeführt. Die Strohaufnahme der Kühe schwankte zwischen 9,6 und 10,4 kg pro Tag. Im Vergleich zu unbehandeltem Stroh wurde bei mit NaOH behandeltem Stroh ein Anstieg in der Gesamtkonzentration an flüchtigen Fettsäuren um 20–25 mMol/l Pansensaft ermittelt. Die Produktion der Propionsäure stieg von 4,20 Mol/24 Std. bei unbehandeltem Stroh auf 6,70 Mol/24 Std. bei NaOH behandeltem Stroh an. Wurde das NaOH behandelte Stroh zusätzlich mit HCl neutralisiert, war der Anstieg der Propionsäureproduktion etwas geringer. Die Produktion der Gesamtmenge an flüchtigen Fettsäuren schwankte zwischen 24,8 und 31,9 Mol pro Tag. Bezogen auf die Aufnahme an organischer Substanz entsprach die Produktion 3,0, 3,3, 3,8 und 3,3 Mol pro Tag der Versuchsperioden I bis IV. Der Anteil der flüchtigen Fettsäuren an der gesamten, wahrscheinlich verdauten Energiemenge im Pansen schwankte zwischen 35 und 45 %.
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