Life history diversity and productivity are key metrics used to evaluate the status of salmon populations. In this paper, we use long-term monitoring data from spawning escapement and a rotary screw trap to describe juvenile migration strategies and identify factors affecting freshwater productivity of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha inhabiting the Green River, Washington. Similar to other populations in Puget Sound, Green River Chinook Salmon exhibit two distinct pulses of downstream, subyearling, juvenile migration. Small-bodied fry move downstream in late winter shortly after emergence (peaking in March), whereas larger-bodied parr migrate downstream after spending some time rearing and growing in freshwater (peaking in late May or early June). A series of stock-recruit models demonstrated that the production of parr was density dependent, as the Green River reaches rearing capacity at most observed spawner abundances and river conditions. By contrast, the production of fry was density independent. Furthermore, several river discharge metrics were significantly related to Chinook Salmon productivity. Total juvenile production was lower in years when incubating embryos experienced high-magnitude peak flows, most likely due to redd scour. Parr productivity was greater in years with higher discharge during the spring (April-June), which we hypothesize is related to increased accessibility of side channels for rearing and/or increased survival during migration. Combined, these results suggest that restoration of juvenile rearing habitats offers substantial potential benefits to parr productivity. Setting escapement goals for fishery planning that consider freshwater habitat capacity and life history diversity will largely depend on the relative marine survival of the fry and parr migration strategies. Our analysis also provides insight to managing water at an upstream dam to benefit Chinook Salmon productivity, though any such strategy faces trade-offs with other fish conservation goals and will be constrained by the dam's primary purpose of reducing flood risk.

A company’s board of directors plays a critical role in making decisions relating to strategy, high-level structure, and the appointment of the CEO. The role of the board and its impact on corporate performance has been well studied; however, the diversity of the board of directors and the corresponding correlation to the level of corporate innovativeness has not been previously investigated. Here, we provide a critical analysis of board members’ diversity as it relates to innovative corporations in what is considered a mature industry in transition to a bioeconomy: the pulp and paper industry. Our findings contribute to the body of knowledge on the role of board member diversity in shaping company culture and how that drives, shapes, and sustains innovation.

Senior executives have a major role in leading corporations both strategically and operationally. In large corporations, the executive team is leading through their respective organizations, ensuring that corporate strategy is executed efficiently and effectively. In addition, executive management plays the key role in shaping the culture and the values of the corporation. There exists a wealth of research conducted on executive management team dynamics and the success factors related to their performance. This study examines how diversity in executive management impacts the perceived innovativeness of companies. We compare the most innovative companies and the largest players in the bioeconomy. Currently, the bioeconomy has received a lot of attention as it is considered one of the industries associated with solving global societal and environmental challenges. However, it is not perceived as highly innovative and is considered to be lacking in diversity among senior executive teams. This study adds to the body of knowledge connecting innovation, diversity, and corporate leadership and highlights similarities and differences from diversity perspective related to the companies investigated.