In overweight and obese women, progression of synovitis increased more than 2.5 times in a weight gain compared to a stable weight subgroup over 2.5 years. Large effect sizes were also found for the difference in progression of PF BMLs and PF cartilage defects between the weight gain and stable weight subgroup.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between baseline meniscal extrusion and the incidence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) after 30 months in a high-risk population of overweight and obese women, free of clinical and radiological knee OA at baseline. we determined the association between knees with and without meniscal extrusion and both outcomes, corrected for the baseline differences.Results 640 knees were available at baseline of which 24% (153) had meniscal extrusion. There was a significantly higher incidence of KOA according to the primary outcome measure in women with meniscal extrusion compared to those without extrusion (28.8%, OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.53, 3.73). A significantly higher incidence was found for the development of radiographic knee OA (12.4%, OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.11, 6.13) and medial JSN (11.8%, OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.59, 6.41). Meniscal extrusion was not significantly associated with clinical knee OA and lateral JSN. 4 ConclusionMeniscal extrusion was associated with a significantly higher incidence of KOA, providing an interesting target for early detection of individuals at risk for developing KOA.

In many (wave) impact problems the area of interest does not change in time and is readily pointed out by hand, allowing for a one-time design of an efficient computational grid. However, for a large number of other applications, e.g. involving violent free-surface motion or moving objects, a reasonable efficiency gain can only be obtained by means of time-adaptive refinement of the grid. In previous studies a fixed, block-based Cartesian local grid refinement method was developed and implemented in the CFD simulation tool ComFLOW [1], a VOF-based Navier-Stokes solver on Cartesian grids with cut-cell discretization of the geometry. Special attention was paid to the interface discretization in cut-cells as well as the fluid displacement algorithm across refinement boundaries. The method was successfully applied to a range of offshore applications, including for example wave-impact on a semi-submersible (figure 1)and sloshing in a moonpool. In the present paper we present the first results of our attempts to extend the method to support adaptive refinement.

In subjects at high risk for future knee OA development, a diet and exercise program, glucosamine sulphate and their combination showed small and mainly non-significant effects on the progression of OA MRI features. Only progression of meniscal extrusion was significantly diminished by the diet and exercise program.