The paper states results of experimental exposition of concrete test specimens to direct flame. Concrete test specimens made from various mixtures differing in the type of aggregate, binder, dispersed reinforcement, and technological procedure were subjected to thermal load. Physicomechanical and other properties of all test specimens were tested before exposition to open flame: density, compressive strength, flexural strength, moisture content, and surface appearance. The specimens were visually observed during exposition to open flame and changes were recorded. Exposed surface was photographically documented before thermal load and at 10-minute intervals. Development of temperature of the specimens was documented with a thermocamera. After exposition to thermal load and cooling down, concrete specimens were visually observed, network of cracks was photographically documented, and maximal depth of spalled area was measured.
This paper summarizes results from surveillance specimen programs of VVER-440/V-213C type reactors. Transition temperature shifts, induced by irradiation, and determined from impact Charpy V-notch toughness as well as from static fracture toughness tests on pre-cracked Charpy size specimens, (COD) are compared. Two methods have been used for determination of static fracture toughness shifts — standard COD type specimens from standard surveillance programs and reconstituted COD type specimens from broken halves of Charpy V-notch specimens; thus identical irradiation conditions have been assured. Results obtained are discussed from the point of view of irradiation conditions as well as of different type of testing. Additional tests have been performed on different heats from WER-1000 type steel, where Charpy V-notch impact and static as well as dynamic fracture toughness tests have been performed to determine transition temperature shifts. Results are discussed and show that transition temperature shifts from static tests are, generally, larger than those from dynamic tests.
The paper describes results of functional tests of photo catalytic materials directly in matrix of prefabricated vibro pressed pavement blocks. Resulting surfaces of photo catalytic concrete products were tested with respect to conversion of NOx and surface was analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), so called element maps were elaborated by means of Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS).
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