AimTo evaluate the impact of pharmacotherapeutic education on 30-day post-discharge medication adherence and adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThe prospective, randomized, single-center study was conducted at the Medical Department of University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, between April and June 2018. One hundred and thirty adult patients with T2DM who were discharged to the community were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group. Both groups during the hospital stay received the usual diabetes education. The intervention group received additional individual pre-discharge pharmacotherapeutic education about the discharge prescriptions. Medication adherence and occurrence of adverse outcomes (adverse drug reactions, readmission, emergency department visits, and death) were assessed at the follow-up visit, 30 days after discharge.ResultsThe number of adherent patients was significantly higher in the intervention group (57/64 [89.9%] vs 41/61 [67.2%]; χ2 test, P = 0.003]. There was no significant difference between the groups in the number of patients who experienced adverse outcomes (31/64 [48.4%] vs 36/61 [59.0%]; χ2 test, P = 0.236). However, higher frequencies of all adverse outcomes were consistently observed in the control group.ConclusionPharmacotherapeutic education of patients with T2DM can significantly improve 30-day post-discharge medication adherence, without a significant reduction in adverse clinical outcomes.ClinicalTrial.gov identification number: NCT03438162

BACKGROUND: This study longitudinally evaluated the IgG response against the N-protein after the onset of COVID19 infection. We determined the kinetics and magnitude of the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in conrmed COVID-19 patients who were the rst infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Krapina-Zagorje county in northern Croatia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 177 blood specimens from 51 patients who tested positive by PCR for COVID-19 and provided longitudinal blood samples over a duration of several months, allowing to evaluate the IgG response against the N-protein. SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay was interpreted as positive (ratio1.4 S/C) or negative (ratio<1.4 S/C). RESULTS: The majority of subjects (48/51) reported symptomatic disease. Among the 49 patients who underwent serological antibody testing at rst time point (median: 47 days), 47/49 were positive for IgG 6.02 (0.24-10.54 S/C), while at sixth time point (median: 275 days) 4/16 patients were positive for IgG, 9/16 were in grey zone, and 3/16 were negative. Using Wilcoxon statistical analysis we found statistically signicant decrease of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein IgG indices between the rst and the sixth time point (median signal to cut-off ratio, S/C, 8.18 IQR 6.91, 9.51 to 0.94 IQR 0.56, 1.18, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We claried the kinetics and magnitude of the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in conrmed COVID-19 patients. Our results provide critical evidence that N-protein IgG response persists in the majority of patients for at least six to eight months after COVID19 infection.