Considering the continuous use of cyberspace for cyber-attacks and terrorism, the current study examined the phenomena of the fear of terrorism and cyberterrorism. It also investigates the factors influencing the fear of terrorism and of cyberterrorism and the predictive differences between the two. A multistage random sampling technique was utilized to collect data from 510 Indonesian participants at local administrative units and social networking site users. Structural equation model analysis was performed using SmartPLS 3.3.3 software. The results revealed that of the six predictors, exposure to online news, time spent online, political views, risk of immigrants' cyber-attacks, and religiosity significantly influenced creating fear of cyberterrorism. In contrast, religious service attendance was not significantly related to the creation of cyberterrorism fear among individual individuals. At the same time, all the factors, excluding time spent online, were significant predictors of creating fear of terrorism among the citizens of Indonesia. These findings can be utilized by practitioners, academicians, and government bodies to reduce the fear of terrorism and cyberterrorism among bill citizens of a developing nation by devising strategies and regulations and providing them with cyber security.

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This study aimed at discovering the crime victim protection. This employed a normative legal research in which a review of library research was conducted.  The growth of rehabilitative services for crime victims in different nations shows that protection is focused on the challenges that victims encounter as a result of the crime. The goal of recovery is to get the victim back to where he or she was before the accident. These efforts are carried out by offering various forms of protection aimed at restoring the financial, physical, and psychological well-being of the victims.

Terrorism causes ethical and cultural issues and adversely impacts a nation's socio-economic development. Considering the escalating focus on the economic contribution toward Indonesia’s stability, growth, and industrial transformation, the current study aims to examine the impact of terrorism on the financial performance of firms listed on the Indonesian stock exchange. The statistics regarding terrorist attacks, fatalities, and injuries during such attacks from 2011 to 2020 in Indonesia were gathered from the Global Terrorism Database, and the data regarding firms’ internal characteristics and the external environment was gathered from the credit agency in Indonesia, PT Pemeringkat Efek Indonesia, mostly known as PEFINDO. At the same time, the central Bank Indonesia was approached for the financial statements of the firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Applying the Cobb–Douglas production function and Pooled Ordinary Least Squares, the results revealed a significant and negative influence of terrorism on firms’ performance. The influence of firms’ internal characteristics and external environment were considered control variables. As a valuable addition to the existing literature, the current study provides unique evidence of the effects of previous years’ terrorism and within-country variations of terrorism on firm financial performance.