Cities alter the thermal regime of urban rivers in very variable ways which are not yet deciphered for the territory of Romania. The urban heat island of Suceava city was measured in 2019 and its impact on Suceava River was assessed using hourly and daily values from a network of 12 water and air monitoring stations. In 2019, Suceava River water temperature was 11.54 °C upstream of Suceava city (Mihoveni) and 11.97 °C downstream (Tişăuţi)—a 3.7% increase in the water temperature downstream. After the stream water passes through the city, the diurnal thermal profile of Suceava River water temperature shows steeper slopes and earlier moments of the maximum and minimum temperatures than upstream because of the urban heat island. In an average day, an increase of water temperature with a maximum of 0.99 °C occurred downstream, partly explained by the 2.46 °C corresponding difference between the urban floodplain and the surrounding area. The stream water diurnal cycle has been shifted towards a variation specific to that of the local air temperature. The heat exchange between Suceava River and Suceava city is bidirectional. The stream water diurnal thermal cycle is statistically more significant downstream due to the heat transfer from the city into the river. This transfer occurs partly through urban tributaries which are 1.94 °C warmer than Suceava River upstream of Suceava city. The wavelet coherence analyses and ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) prove that there are significant (0.95 confidence level) causal relationships between the changes in Suceava River water temperature downstream and the fluctuations of the urban air temperature. The complex bidirectional heat transfer and the changes in the diurnal thermal profiles are important to be analysed in other urban systems in order to decipher in more detail the observed causal relationships.

Abstract. Bioclimatic research for the regionalization of Moldova west of the Prut River (hereinafter Moldova), focused on the use of various climate indexes, is scarce. Using 9 bioclimatic indexes (THI, Pr, Tpr, ISH, TEE, DI THOM, HUMIDEX, SSI and ISE) calculated based on statistical and cartographic methods, we identified, delineated and outlined the major characteristics of the three bioclimates of Moldova. Following our analysis, three bioclimatic regions were identified: the cold, wet and windy bioclimate, the comfortable bioclimate and the warm-dry and contrasting bioclimate. They fall broadly within the existing bioclimatic regionalization and provide new, complementary quantitative and qualitative information.

<p>In cities the chemical parameters of the urban atmosphere are being influenced, mainly negatively, by the daily human activities. The urban agglomeration of Suceava (from the NE of Romania) amounted to 116404 inhabitants as per the census from 2011. Their quality of life depends directly on the quality of the air inhaled, and this is being affected by the variable emissions of the transport and industrial sectors and by the household activities. The Municipality of Suceava is an important commercial center and, at the same time, a tourist city.</p><p>The general objective of the study consists in the evaluation of the air quality of Suceava Municipality, on the basis of the hourly data from the stations SV1 (urban background) and SV2 (industrial background) from the interval January 2009 - October 2019, on the basis of five chemical indicators: NO2, SO2, CO, O3 and PM10. The main objectives are: i) the identification of the fluctuations in time of the daily or hourly average concentrations of these emissions with the outlining of their daily or annual regime; ii) the comparison of the air quality in the neighbourhoods with residential function from the central and central-southern areas (Zamca, Marasesti, George Enescu, Areni, Obcini and so on) with the one from the industrial platform vicinity, and iii) the releasing of some accurate evaluations based on data from monitoring, which to classify in different levels of quality the air breathed in by humans.</p><p>Results. In Suceava the concentrations of NO2 (with hourly indices of quality evaluated as being excellent in 96,51% of cases at SV1 and 93,51% of cases at SV2), SO2 (with hourly indices of quality evaluated as being excellent in 99,79% of cases at SV1 and 99,03% of cases at SV2) and CO (with indices of excellent quality of the air in 99,78% of the hours of observations at SV1 and 97,32% at SV2) are not capable to raise real problems from the perspective of their impact on human health. In the case of O3, in 1,67% of the hours of observations from SV1 the concentration of this gas exceeded the target value for the protection of human health (120 μg/mc). The situation is not alarming due to the reduce percentage held by these situations and to the limitation of the areal to a single monitoring point. In the case of PM10 the concentration does not raise problems at SV1 station where the proportion of time with exceedings of the daily limit value for human health protection is on average 1,3 days/year<sup>-1</sup>, but at SV2 the daily limit values are being exceeded in 35 day/year<sup>1</sup>. The interval October - March, with thermal inversions, persistent fog and low stratiform clouds, is the critical one related to this pollutant.</p><p>Conclusions. On the background of the industrial decline that followed after 1989, the quality of the air from the atmosphere of Suceava has increased. The problem of the particles in the areal of the industrial platform and Burdujeni neighbourhood stays a current one. </p>

This study addresses a current issue concerning spatial and temporal analysis of Moldova's climate resources and is intended for the use of people involved in various tourism and related activities. For researchers in the field, the study will be a source of information, allowing comparison of the results obtained for other locations, and for practitioners an indispensable working tool. The motivation for the present study resides in the sparseness and ambiguity of the analysis of climate resources for tourism included in the assessment of the natural tourism potential of Romania. We aim to improve this approach by constructing for Moldova a statistically relevant, quantitative analysis of what climate offers the tourists. To achieve the proposed objectives, we used TCI and a climate database sufficiently detailed to capture climate patterns up to ten-days time intervals. We showed that in Moldova the May-September interval is the most favorable for developing all forms of tourism. We then customized the analysis at the level of each tourism resort. Our study is among the first in this region to use such analysis and provides clear research results to those involved in tourism to improve their decision-making process. The results are very important in supporting tourism in Moldova and will contribute to raising the economic potential of the region.

Water, the vital element of the environment, considered for long time an inexhaustible and renewable resource, can have a limiting or favourable potential in the socio-economic development of a region. Given the fact that Romania's NE (Eastern Carpathians and the north-western part of Moldova Plateau) is undergoing increased competition for water resources, triggered by the intensification of agriculture and industrial development, better knowledge of the hydrological processes and the quality of surface water is required. The main purpose of the present study is to identify the hydrological processes that determine the quality of surface waters based on analyses of the stable isotopic composition of water (from precipitation, rivers and lakes) and their quality parameters. For this, water samples were collected from 29 river sections, two lakes and a precipitation monitoring point over a period of 12 months (January to December 2019). Results show that the changes in the isotopic composition of precipitation and surface water are mainly controlled by air temperature, which, in turn, is influenced by the large-scale atmospheric circulation and other factors (e.g. precipitation amount, season, altitude). At the same time, the chemical analyses indicate that the water resource of the study area is predominantly characterized by a good chemical and ecological state, except for two sampling points with a moderate state and three with a poor ecological state.