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Foreign travel during summer time has gotten much attention from tourism scholars in past tourism research. this study, by contrast, scrutinizes the much less studied topic of domestic travel during winter time. In particular, the study addresses how a set of determinants affect norwegians' expenditures on their main domestic winter vacation away from home. two of the main findings are (1) that it is necessary to split total expenditures into subcategories of expenditures to obtain a precise and comprehensive grasp of what causes the variations in expenditure patterns, and (2) that triprelated characteristics in general are much more important determinants of expenditures than sociodemographic variables. Some scholarly and marketing implications are finally discussed.

This study concerns decision timing in international tourism; that is, the amount of time that elapses between a decision being made to visit a foreign country and the trip actually taking place. In particular, the focus is on differences in decision times among tourists of different nationalities. The empirical setting is the inbound summer tourism market in Norway, and the data are based on a largescale visitor survey conducted in 2011. The average international tourist visiting Norway during the 2011 summer season made the decision to do so about six months in advance; however, there were noticeable national differences in this regard. Furthermore, the results show that certain other independent variables contribute to the statistical explanation of variations in decision times. The implications for further research and marketing are discussed.

This paper presents an approach to measuring nature-based economic values using both simple travel cost methodology and tourism satellite accounts estimating different areas under the demand curves. These methods were applied in a region in Norway where tourism has been founded predominantly on pristine alpine nature over the past 50 years and successively protected as six national parks. A survey of tourists enabled estimation of a simple individual travel cost model yielding the consumer surplus of tourists attributable to the attractiveness of the nature of the area. The tourists provided information on their main destination, trip frequency, knowledge and use of the park, and the impact of the national park tags. The survey information was also used in the tourism satellite accounts for the region, combined with information from accommodation providers and official statistics.

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