Protein L affinity chromatography is a useful method for the purification of antibody fragments containing kappa light chains. In affinity chromatography, increasing the binding affinity leads to increased product purity, recovery, and dynamic binding capacity (DBC). In this study, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation techniques were used to design the engineered Protein L with higher affinity to the kappa light chain. Each engineered ligand was produced as a recombinant protein and coupled to a solid matrix. The purity, recovery, and DBC of the engineered resins were evaluated and then compared to those of a commercially available resin. The results showed important parameters for engineering more efficient Protein L ligands for affinity chromatography.

Purpose. Recurrent miscarriage applies to pregnancy loss expulsion of the fetus within the first 24 weeks of pregnancy. This study is aimed at comparatively investigating the sera of women with RM with those who have no record of miscarriages to identify if there were any metabolite and metabolic pathway differences using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Methods. Serum samples were collected from women with RM ( n = 30 ) and those who had no records of RM ( n = 30 ) to obtain metabolomics information. 1H NMR spectroscopy was carried out on the samples using Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill spin echo; also, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis was performed in MATLAB software using the ProMetab program to obtain the classifying chemical shifts; the metabolites were identified by using the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) in both the experimental and control groups. The pathway analysis option of the Metaboanalyst.ca website was used to identify the changed metabolic pathways. Results. The results of the study revealed that 14 metabolites were different in the patients with RM. Moreover, the pathway analysis showed that taurine and hypotaurine metabolism along with phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis was significantly different in patients with RM. Conclusion. The present study proposes that any alteration in the above metabolic pathways might lead to metabolic dysfunctions which may result in a higher probability of RM.