Linear B cell epitopes of the dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) were predicted using three B cell epitope prediction tools, Ellipro, Bepipred and SVMTrip. Fifty sequences from each dengue serotype, representing a wide geographic area and a time span, were aligned using MEGA 6 software. The predictions were evaluated by comparing the results among the three tools and with currently available data on assay positive immunogenic epitopes of dengue NS1. A total of 22 regions on the NS1 protein ranging 6 to 21 amino acids in size were predicted as epitopes with a high probability score by the three prediction tools. Many were found to be predicted as epitopes by more than one tool, showing a good agreement in the predictions by the three tools. Further, many of the epitopes overlapped with, or partially constituted regions on the NS1 protein, which have by various biochemical assays. Each of the 22 epitopes and the whole NS1 protein were then characterised for their percentages of conservation and phylogenetic relationship among and within each dengue serotypes, using IEDB and MEGA 6 analysis tools. Three epitopes were found to be highly conserved within the serotype but highly variable among the 04 dengue serotypes, suggesting that they could be used as possible among the four dengue serotypes, showing a potential use as B cell epitopes of dengue NS1 with therapeutic potential. B cell epitopes, bioinformatics, dengue, NS1 protein, phylogenetics. INTRODUCTIONDengue is one of the major public health concerns worldwide. Over 2.5 billion people, almost over 40 % of the world's population are at risk from dengue. The World Health Organisation (WHO) currently estimates that there may be 50 -100 million dengue infections worldwide every year. The number of cases is increasing and the disease is also spreading to new areas (Guzman et al., 2010). Developing a vaccine against dengue has been challenging, one reason being due to cross immunity to other dengue serotypes leading to enhancement of the disease upon subsequent infections (Thisyakorn & Dengvaxia, a live attenuated tetravalent chimeric vaccine, USA, was registered for use in endemic areas. After assessment for its safety, the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunisation has recommended its vaccination in countries with high endemicity at national or subnational level. Its recommendation for immunisation is currently under assessment by the WHO (http://www.who.int/immunization/research/development/ dengue_vaccines/en/).The dengue virus has a genome of approximately 11,000 bases that encodes a single large polyprotein, which is subsequently cleaved into several structural and non-structural mature peptides. The polyprotein 418 P.D. Pushpakumara et al.
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