The Tara Irtysh region, including the city of Tara, as the main frontier outpost of the 17th–18th centuries, and its rural environs, is chosen as the pilot region in the study of the Russian frontier. Here, extensive archaeological material on the culture of urban and rural populations has been accumulated, and there is a representative body of written sources. The aim of this research is to study, on the basis of a complex analysis, the main deve-lopmental strategies of the Tarsky frontier: military, economic, and cultural. This will enable building a multicom-ponent model of the Russian frontier in the 16th–18th centuries for this region, identifying specifics of its forma-tion, characteristic features, markers, and dynamics of changes as prerequisites for the advancement of the state to the east and southeast. In the study of the military strategy, a special role is assigned to the analysis of defen-sive structures which, together with weapons, specifically firearms, allowed resisting the militant nomads and de-fending the bordering territories inhabited by both Russian and indigenous populations. The study of the eco-nomic strategy revealed that the Russians in a short time created their own food economy based on the develop-ment of agriculture, cattle breeding, and the use of the natural resources — forest foraging, fishing, and hunting. Military confrontations and the formation of a life sustenance system required the development of various crafts: blacksmithing, pottery making, there was a need for clothing and footwear, and for food production. Trade rela-tions were developing. The strategy of the cultural development was based on the paradigm of the Russian world — the spread of the Orthodoxy, into which the indigenous population was converted, including those serving in the Tarsky garrison. However, Muscovian authorities did not inhibit Islamization of the Tatars. Cohabitation of the Russians and Tatars facilitated the spread of the Russian language and Russian culture in the indigenous envi-ronment. This manifested in the change of the foundations of the traditional way of life of the native population, its restructuring according to the Russian model, and introduction of the advanced technologies. The Siberian Rus-sian identity was developing on this international foundation.

No abstract

Archaeological research of the historical centre of Tara in 2021 was carried out at several sites. At one of them, we could fully explore the residential complex (hut). We suppose that it was a servant’s hut dated to the first half of the 17th century. This conclusion was based on the analysis of the construction of the object and the material complex found inside. Currently, this is the second dwelling of that time that has been fully explored during the excavations of the town. Both items were located on the edge of the coastline. The items found inside the dwelling studied this year are a closed complex. This is due to the fact that the hut site was not built up in subsequent periods. This allows for further study of the town’s cultural layers of the 17th century based on the already received collection. We have noted the items related to firearms, their care and supplies— parts of a silicon lock, a file, chopped lead and unrolled bullets. The weapon includes a fragment of a saber blade and a set ofarrowheads. A number of finds indicate that the owner of the house was a literate person and carried out special assignments from the town’s administration, such as a penknife, a bone case for transporting letters and tongs for removing carbon from candles. Numerous imported items were found: beads, fragments of glassware, jewelry. The research of this complex allowed us to significantly expand our knowledge about the life of the serving population in Tara, about their living conditions and service in the first half of the 17th century.

Over the past thirty-five years, a series of archaeological sites of the period of the Russian colonization of Siberia have been investigated in the territory of the Siberian macroregion, which made it possible to identify re-gional features and to trace evolution of the socio-cultural identity of the Russian Siberian in the 17th–19th cc. A topical issue is the in-depth study of the processes of ethno-cultural adaptation in microregions. In this work, as one of the aspects of adaptation, changes in the house exterior in the Omsk Irtysh region are considered. This work is aimed to consider main types of the residential buildings of the Russian population in the Omsk Irtysh region in the 17th — early 20th c. in order to determine their specifics and development trends. The work is carried by a complex approach, involving the use of different types of sources, such as archaeological, written, and eth-nographic. To compare the buildings studied in the Omsk Irtysh region with houses in other regions, a compara-tive historical method was used. Analysis of the archaeological materials on the architecture and layout of urban dwellings of the 17th–18th cc. showed specifics of the housing in different parts of the town. The houses of the representatives of the tsarist administration, senior clergy, and military commanders with multi-chambered buildings were located in the territory of the kremlin — the central part of the town. In the walled part of Western Siberian towns, where representatives of other social groups lived, both single-chambered and multi-chambered houses were built, although so far only few of them have been identified archaeologically. Stoves with chimneys and mica windows, as socially significant structural elements of the house, were gradually becoming attributes of the dwel-lings not only of the representatives of the tsarist administration, but also of the middle strata of the townspeople. In the rural areas, Russian immigrants in the 17th — first half of the 18th c. were erecting multi-chambered buildings of a large area. The set of socially-marking structural elements was the same as in the town. The archaeological material obtained during the study of residential buildings of the rural sites of the Irtysh Basin is generally of the same type and is equally characteristic of village and town alike. Based on the results of the author’s own ethno-graphic observations, a characteristics of individual residential buildings of the 19th — beginning of the 20th c. is given. There has been noted the prevalence of two-chambered dwellings by the end of the 19th century in the Russian village, which required less building material, as compared with multi-chambered counterparts, and were easier to heat. Multi-chambered buildings and carved platbands constituted socially marking traits of dwellings of the wealthy strata of the rural population. The field observations warranted further archaeological and ethno-graphic studies of the rural and urban wooden architecture to gain a deeper insight on the evolution of the house-building that combined traditional elements of the 17th–18th cc. with innovations, simplification, and standardiza-tion of the 19th–20th cc.

Purpose. The main elements of the structure of the funeral rite of the late 19th – early 20th centuries are analyzed based on the materials of the necropolis Yevgashino IV. That necropolis date to 1870–1920 by archaeology materials. The purpose of the study is to identify the main elements of the structure of the Russian funeral rite in the Omsk Irtysh region.Results. The place and features of the burials, the funerary clothing were analyzed in the course of the study. A systematic analysis of the collection of funerary pottery was also carried out. The collection of funerary pottery includes 79 archaeologically intact vessels. Various types of funeral pottery were determined by the method of V. F. Gening. There is also an analysis of the cult copper plastics, such as pectoral crosses, copper diptych. The collection of crosses obtained on the site reflects the process of transition from the “Old Believers” forms of cult casting to stamped products of generally low quality which is an important chronological marker.Conclusion. The results of the research will allow make a chronological scale of Russian funeral rite in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries from the time of the arrival of Russians in the region to the present.