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Mx proteins are key factors of the innate intracellular defense mechanisms that act against viruses induced by type I/III interferons. The family Peribunyaviridae includes many viruses of veterinary importance, either because infection results in clinical disease or because animals serve as reservoirs for arthropod vectors. According to the evolutionary arms race hypothesis, evolutionary pressures should have led to the selection of the most appropriate Mx1 antiviral isoforms to resist these infections. Although human, mouse, bat, rat, and cotton rat Mx isoforms have been shown to inhibit different members of the Peribunyaviridae, the possible antiviral function of the Mx isoforms from domestic animals against bunyaviral infections has, to our knowledge, never been studied. Herein, we investigated the anti-Schmallenberg virus activity of bovine, canine, equine, and porcine Mx1 proteins. We concluded that Mx1 has a strong, dose-dependent anti-Schmallenberg activity in these four mammalian species.

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