By using the data collected from the whole 44 banks in the banking system in Vietnam from 2010-2012, the authors try to investigate the impacts of ownership structure on bank performance in Vietnamese banking system. Research results show that capital concentration and private ownership have positive impact on bank profitablity, the nonperforming loan ratio has negative relation with banks' profitability. Besides, the research results are also consistent with the previous researches (Nguyen, Tran & Pham, 2014) on the positive correlation of corporate governance and bank performance in Vietnam. The findings in this paper are also relevant with the previous researches in Kenya, China, Malaysia (Wen, 2010, Rokwaro, 2013). From these findings, some policy implications are also suggested as follow: (i) encourage the large shareholders participation the Board of Director to reduce the interest conflict in banks, (ii) enhance private ownership to increase bank profitability, (iii) improve the corporate governance of banks under international standards, and (iv) push-up the solving of non-performing loans in the bank restructuring in Vietnam.

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The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we propose a specific method with a detailed questionnaire with 60 questions, divided into five main components: Shareholders and general shareholders' meeting; Board of directors; Supervisory board; Disclosure and transparency, auditing and Violations. Second, the method will then be applied to calculate the CGI for 40 Vietnamese commercial banks in three years 2010, 2011 and 2012. To our best knowledge, this is the first time that a questionnaire has been designed and applied to construct the CGI for the Vietnamese banking sector. And thirdly, statistical analysis has been performed to examine the characteristics of the results obtained from the questionnaire.

The paper examines the impact of corporate governance on performance of Vietnamese banks. The Corporate Governance Index has been used to evaluate corporate governance of Vietnamese banks in the period of 2010-2012. The return on equity and return on assets have been used to measure the bank performance. It is found that there is a significant gap between actual practices of corporate governance of Vietnamese banks and the international principles, a statistically significant difference in corporate governance of listed banks and non-listed banks in Vietnam. Better corporate governance is associated with better performance. The authors also have found the positive correlation of disclosure, the role of board of directors, shareholders and shareholder meetings with bank performance in Vietnamese banks. The relationship between supervisory board and bank performance has not been found. These findings lay a foundation for policy makers to make necessary changes to improve corporate governance (i.e role of Board of directors, disclosure and shareholder issues) of banks in Vietnam in the current restructure of the banking system.

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