This paper provides some meteo-hydro-dynamical features in Mekong River Mouth area which were based on statistical results from longtime measurement data such as wind, wave, sea water level, and river discharge. Study results show that distribution features of wind and wave characteristics are corresponding to seasonal variation. Predominant wind and wave directions during NE Monsoon period is NE, and in W, SW directions during SW Monsoon period. NE Monsoon period is from November to April (strongest in December and January), SW Monsoon period is from June to September (strongest in August). During NE Monsoon period the wind velocity and wave height were higher than that of SW Monsoon period. Variation of SWL at Vungtau Station shows that the tide is semi-diurnal with maximum value occurred during NE monsoon period (highest in November), and minimum value occurred during SW Monsoon period (lowest in June). Variation of river discharge is similarly at two stations (Mythuan and Cantho). During flood season (from July to December) average monthly discharge was ranged from 4,000 to 15,800 m 3 /s. During dry season (from January to May) average monthly discharge at both stations was less than 4,000 m 3 /s. Statistical data show that Mekong River Mouth area is a region of strong and complicated hydro-dynamical interaction processes between river and sea.
Rip current is a relatively strong, narrow current flowing outward from the beach through the surf zone and presenting a hazard to swimmers. This paper presents some occurrence features of Rip current at main swimming beaches in Quang Nam province, Central Vietnam. Study results show that most of swimming beaches along Quang Nam province coast are directly opposed to open sea and strongly affected by swell. Therefore, Rip current system can occur at any time in the year with large dimension and intensity. During Northeast monsoon (November to March) beach morphology is considerably changed by strong wave action, thus the strongest rip current is formed. However, in this period careful swimmers can easily identify where that rip current occurs along the beach. During the transition period from Northeast monsoon to Southwest monsoon (April to May) wave energy is reduced, thus Rip current intensity is also decreased. During Southwest monsoon (June to August) wave energy is not strong and beach is accreted, therefore some Rip currents remain at reasonable morphology places along the beach. During the transition period from Southwest monsoon to Northeast monsoon (September to October) Rip current can occur at deep places along the beach with characteristics of narrow dimension, thus causing more danger to swimmer. Especially, dangerous rip current is caused by swell which comes from active region of tropical cyclone in open sea. In this period wave field in the nearshore region is not rough, thus most of swimmers are not cautious when swimming at dangerous rip current places.
This paper presents modelling results of rip currents on the main beaches along coastal Quang Nam province including Ha My, Binh Minh, Tam Thanh and Rang beaches during two typical wind seasons: Northeast monsoon (Northeast wind direction, wind levels: 4, 5, 6) and Southwest monsoon (Southeast wind direction, wind levels: 4, 5) using Mike 21 model. Calculation results show that during the Northeast monsoon, the rip current formed in all beaches. In the scenario of level 4 of wind speed, average rip speed was about 40–50 cm/s. In particular, at Tam Thanh beach area, the rip was a typical one with the components such as feeder current, rip neck and rip head. With the level 5 of wind field, the formation of the rip was clearer, the speed of the rip was stronger, average value was about 50–60 cm/s. Meanwhile, with the level 6 of wind field, the typical rip structure was broken, creating local eddies or longshore currents at some positions, but strengthened at other positions. During the Southwest monsoon, the rip current did not form at the beaches and the longshore currents were dominant.
This paper presents the study results of occurrence feature of tropical cyclone in Truong Sa archipelago region in the period from 1884 to 2018. Data on tropical cyclone such as storm track, intensity... were taken from the website www.weather.unisys.com/hurricane (National Weather Service, USA). The study results show that the study region is the most active area of tropical cyclone activity with about 1.61 times/year. The occurrence frequency of tropical cyclone was increasing from 1988 to 2018. The period from 1884 to 1944 the occurrence frequency of tropical cyclone was about 1 time/year, from 1945 to 2018 the occurrence frequency of tropical cyclone was higher at about 2.4 times/year. Especially, in the years of 2013 and 2017, tropical cyclone occurred 6 times/year. In the years of 2008, 1998, 1993, 1983, 1962, it occurred 5 times/year. The study region underwent the effect of two tropical cyclone seasons, the main season was from September to January of the next year with the occurrence frequency of tropical cyclone being about 4 times higher than that of the season from March to August. The period of highest occurrence frequency of tropical cyclone was from October to December whereas the lowest occurrence frequency of tropical cyclone was in July. The main season of tropical cyclone activity coincided with strong Northeast monsoon period.
I. MỞ ĐẦUDòng chảy trong vùng biển ven bờ là tổng hợp của dòng do gió, triều và chịu ảnh hưởng của điều kiện địa phương (địa hình, dòng sông đổ ra…). Bản thân các thành phần này liên tục biến đổi theo không gian, thời gian dẫn đến bức tranh dòng chảy tổng hợp cũng luôn biến đổi theo thời gian, không gian. Do đó, các đo đạc, khảo sát, nghiên cứu mới và chi tiết hơn về cấu trúc dòng chảy và các đặc điểm của nó vẫn rất cần thiết cho khoa học và thực tiễn.Các đo đạc, nghiên cứu về dòng chảy nói riêng, thủy động lực học nói chung ở vùng biển Khánh Hòa đã được quan tâm từ những năm Sáu mươi của thế kỷ 20 và chủ yếu do Hải học viện Nha Trang (nay là Viện Hải dương học) thực hiện. Ban đầu là các kết quả đo đạc nhiệt độ -độ muối, dòng chảy khu vực cảng Nha Trang. Trong giai đoạn này cũng ghi nhận một công trình quy mô và vẫn còn nhiều giá trị cho đến ngày nay là chuyến điều tra thuộc chương trình NAGA (1961) [8] về nghiên cứu Biển Đông. Kết quả của công trình này đã cho thấy bộ phận dòng cường hóa ven bờ Tây Biển Đông (tốc độ dòng chảy lớn, hướng dòng song song với đường bờ và thay đổi theo mùa tại ven bờ miền Trung -Việt Nam). Các đo đạc, nghiên cứu dòng chảy tiếp tục được đẩy mạnh sau ngày thống nhất đất nước (1975) với các đề tài các cấp, các dự án hợp tác quốc tế. Giai đoạn này đã đi sâu, chi tiết hơn việc đo đạc, nghiên cứu dòng chảy cho khu vực ven bờ, các vũng vịnh. Các đặc trưng dòng chảy khu vực ven bờ Khánh Hòa được làm sáng tỏ hơn, các hợp phần của dòng chảy tổng hợp được đề cập đến như dòng chảy do thủy triều, dòng chảy do gió, dòng dư, dao động lắc… Bên cạnh đó, các đặc trưng thống kê của dòng chảy tổng hợp cũng được đề cập dựa vào các tài liệu đo liên tục [1,2,3,4,5,7] đã cho chúng ta hiểu rõ hơn bức tranh dòng chảy ven bờ Khánh Hòa và các hợp phần của nó.Một trong những khảo sát về dòng chảy nói riêng, thủy văn, động lực môi trường nói chung được coi là khá chi tiết và đồng bộ từ trước đến nay dựa trên các thiết bị máy móc
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