By applying a simultaneous equation model to provincial-level data in Vietnam from 2010 to 2019, this study estimates the impact of internal migration on poverty reduction through changes in human capital and transformation in the labor structure. The results demonstrate that internal migration contributes to poverty reduction in the considered areas through increasing human capital and promoting labor mobility from the agricultural sector to its non-agricultural counterpart. This finding implies that it is necessary to create favorable conditions for learning and improving labor skills for migrants. The study also indicates further evidence of the relationship between the geography element and poverty. The Northern Uplands region in Vietnam is experiencing unfavorable conditions that lead to high poverty rates and limited internal migration. Therefore, increasing the mobility of the poor in the region may need further attention in addition to existing poverty reduction policies.

The Vietnam’s new general education curriculum is transferring from content orientation to students’ capacity and quality development orientation. STEM (is acronym words of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education contributes to the development of 21st century skills of students. In order to successfully implement STEM education, in addition to leaders, managers and programmers, teachers have an important role in directly building and organizing STEM education. And pre-service teachers need to be trained to deal with complexities of education. The purpose of this research is to assess the pre-service chemistry teachers? existing STEM teaching capacity in Vietnam. Research method was survey through a set of unstructured and structured questions, and participants of this research are 57 pre-service chemistry teachers (who are 3rd and 4th grade learners of 5 Universities of Education representing all three regions of Vietnam). Content analysis was used to analyze the data from unstructured questions while the data from structured questions were transformed into frequency, percentage and descriptive statistic analyze. The findings indicated that most of participants have conceptualized the aspects of STEM in accordance with a number of researches in the world. However, they were less capable in designing their teaching STEM and performing teaching STEM in the classroom, beside assessment abilities were not good and lack diversity. They also suggested that there should be a specific guide material on how to design and conduct STEM teaching. Therefore, the study also suggested measures to develop STEM teaching competences for pre - service chemistry teachers in Vietnam: 1) redesign the teacher training program to include STEM educational modules, 2) provide STEM teaching instruction modules from STEM fields in Chemistry, and 3) combine Blended Learning approach to enhance their ICT ability.

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Human resources are the decisive factor for the success and progress of a country and is the main measure for assessing the level of social progress, equity, and sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the quality of Vietnam’s human resources, with a particular emphasis on the shortage of high-quality human resources. The paper discusses the causes of the shortage of high-quality human resources, and it also provides solutions for enhancing the education and training systems needed to improve the quality of Vietnam’s human resources. The solutions for improving the education and training systems are (1) reforming education-training systems, particularly vocational education; (2) increasing financial resources for education and training to improve the ability of employees and readjusting the investment structure; (3) focusing on developing national higher education to improve the training of teachers; (4) strengthening partnerships between firms, universities, and vocational schools; and (5) cooperating with international organizations to improve human resources. The novelty of the paper is that it explores ways to accelerate the approval of the higher education development strategy for the period 2021–2030 in Vietnam.