Introduction: Immunological monitoring could indirectly measure the suppressive effects of the drugs and provide early guidance on necessary preventive interventions in transplant recipients. Objectives: Our goal was to determine whether mycophenolic acid (MPA) modulates peripheral blood lymphocyte T in kidney transplant recipients. Patients and Methods: We assessed T lymphocytes CD3, CD4 and CD8 in peripheral blood in 30 donors and 35 recipients one day before and 10 days after transplantation using Becton Dickinson’s direct immune fluorescent light. Results: Comparisons showed that the number of T lymphocytes CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ in peripheral blood of transplant recipients were lower than donors (TCD3 was 1690.31±503.45 versus 2280.73± 522.48; TCD4 was 549.51 ±211.72 cell/µL versus 766.37± 341.72 cell/µL and CD8 was 1134.37 ±431.07 cell/µL versus 1523.4± 349.23 cell/µL with P<0.001; P=0.001 and P= 0.0002 respectively). Additionally, post-transplantation lymphocytes TCD4 decreased in 10/35 of recipients and increased in 22/35 of recipients (P=0.036). Conclusion: The T lymphocytes CD3, CD4 and CD8 in peripheral blood should be monitored at multiple post-transplant times to make early predictions of transplant rejection during follow-up treatment.

Introduction: In 2009, the Hoc Mai Advanced Course in Medical Education and Research was established. The Advanced Course is designed to provide a select group of outstanding recent Hanoi Medial University (HMU) graduates with tools to introduce and lead change in medical education and research, contributing to the development of future Vietnamese health care. The aims of the program are to develop participants' knowledge and skills in teaching, competence in spoken and written medical English, skills in research; and provide ongoing support. The purpose of this study was to explore previous participants' (2009-2013) perceptions of the course, and impact on professional development.Methods: In 2015, an anonymous online questionnaire was distributed to 106 Course participants who had participated in both Hanoi and Sydney (2009-2013). Participants were asked to respond to closed and open ended questions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data.Results: Fifty six of the 106 participants (53%) responded. The Course was overwhelmingly perceived to be beneficial in helping participants with their English speaking skills. Almost half (45%) of respondents felt the course helped with their career, teaching of students (43%) and junior doctors (43%). Regarding research skills, 31% felt that participation in the course helped in completing a research project, 32% in presenting at conferences, and 22% in publishing a paper. Although participants indicated that a helpful aspect of the Course was the opportunity to network with Australian colleagues, they would like more opportunities for future collaboration, and a longer immersion program. Conclusion:Taking part in the Advanced Course has helped participants' professional development by improving English skills, teaching skills, research skills and career progression. However, improvements are needed in terms of further ongoing assistance with research and continued contact with Australian experts.