Abstract. In this paper, an advanced logarithmic phase mask is proposed and its performance is investigated. The essential performance characteristics of phase masks are shown, including the defocused modulation transfer functions (MTF), integral area of the MTF, Hilbert space angle, non-axial Strehl ratio, and decoded images. The results have demonstrated that our phase mask is highly beneficial to extend the depth of field of hybrid optical systems. The advantages of the proposed phase mask in comparison to some other masks are also pointed out.

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Helmet display (HMD) is the core hardware of virtual display technology. It is a small display device mounted on the helmet to produce visual images for the user. The MHD system mainly consists of an image source, optical, and support system. Still, the traditional optical subsystem cannot achieve the functions of the ideal optical system, such as being light-weight, small in size, and having an extensive field angle. This paper established the proper initial model, and the optimal control conditions and surface upgrade strategy were determined. Herein, the design scheme of the free-form prism with good performance was obtained. We solve the feature of large volume and complicated structure of optical components of helmet display and describe the design idea of free-form prism in detail. In this paper, the system resolution we designed is 800 × 600, the Modulation transfer function (MTF) value of the prism is more significant than 0.1 at the spatial resolution of 30lp/mm, and the distortion is less than 5%. The exit pupil diameter of the system is 8mm, and the field angle is 26°×20°.

In recent years, portable Raman spectrometers and commercialized surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have become increasingly popular. They have turned out to be great tools for both substance detection, identification, and analysis on-site. This work addresses the technique to collect proper Raman spectra using SERS substrates and portable Raman spectrometers. We propose a random sampling technique that gives representative and high-quality spectra with high intensity and good resolution. This technique was tested on a home-built portable Raman spectrometer and SERS substrates based on metal film over nano-sphere (MFON) structure. Experimental results showed that peaks of Raman spectrum collected using random sampling technique are significantly narrower than those of spectra measured in conventional one and prevent samples and SERS substrates from photoinduced degradation. Potentially, this method can promote quantitative SERS and chemical trace analysis using portable Raman spectrometers.