Motivation is a key factor in learning a foreign language.  This study investigated the instrumental, integrative and attitudinal motivation level of students learning Japanese as a FL in a public university in Malaysia.  A survey questionnaire based on Gardner’s (1985) AMTB (Attitude/Motivation Test Battery) and Dornyei’s (1994) Attitudinal Motivation was given to 171 undergraduates.  Descriptive and Inferential statistics were used to analyse the data.  The results of the study indicated that the foreign language learners were generally highly motivated to learn Japanese as a foreign language. Moreover, their integrative and attitudinal motivational levels were similarly high and slightly higher than their instrumental motivation.  There were also statistically significant differences among the three subscales of attitudinal motivation viz. teacher-specific, course-specific and group-specific. They were more oriented towards teacher-specific and course-specific attitudinal motivation than group-specific attitudinal motivation.  The implications for EFL teachers and curriculum developers are that it would improve foreign language learning courses in future by designing suitable lessons and preparing appropriate materials and activities. Keywords: Attitude, Foreign language learning, Instrumental orientation, Integrative orientations, Motivation

The hurdle model is a finite mixture model where the zeros are generated by a particular distribution while the positive counts are generated by another (truncated) distribution. The discrete distributions commonly considered for hurdle models are the Poisson and negative binomial distributions. The hurdle models are also widely used for over-and under-dispersed count data. In this study, a new hurdle model, which is hurdle strict arcsine model is developed and fitted to two simulated data sets. Maximum likelihood estimation method is used in estimating the parameters.

This study aims to propose an improvement model for the queuing system and determine the best and most appropriate allocation suggestion for officers at the outpatient department of a public clinic in Johor. In this study, Arena Simulation Software and Lingo Software were used. Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) and Banker, Chames, and Cooper Data Envelopment Analysis (BCC-DEA) models were used to determine the best improvement model across various alternatives. The Min-Max of officers was suggested as an improvement model. The mathematical formulation has been programmed and tested in the Lingo 19.0 software, and Decision-Making Units (DMU) would be suggested. After that, each DMUs were run in Arena Simulation Software. Then, the input and output of each DMUs were determined. The researcher used BCC Model Input-Oriented to reduce the input required to produce the optimal output. The mathematical formulation has been programmed again and tested in the Lingo 19.0 software. Based on the results, DMU is considered an efficient choice if the value θ_0 is one (θ_0= 1). DMU is considered an inefficient alternative if the value θ_0 is not one (θ_0 ≠ 1). The input-oriented BCC model needs to identify the most effective and efficient DMU because they have multiple DMUs that are rated as efficient. So, the Super Efficiency model was used to identify the most efficient and suitable DMU. The mathematical formulation has been programmed again and tested in the Lingo 19.0 software to identify the Super Efficiency model

Improving the quality of health in Malaysia contributes to improving national development. Patient satisfaction in public healthcare is the yardstick for healthcare quality to provide healthcare services effectively and accurately. The study aimed to define the relationship between patient satisfaction and other related factors in the outpatient department in a public clinic. Related factors investigated in this study were waiting time, staff interpersonal and technical quality, services, facility, and overall. The questionnaires were distributed to the patients visiting the outpatient department at a public clinic in Johor. A quantitative approach was used in this study. Although 500 questionnaires were distributed, only 447 were identified as complete questionnaires. The collected data on patient satisfaction from the questionnaire were analysed by SPSS Software using descriptive statistics (frequency (%), mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test and ANOVA). The questionnaire analysed using SPSS software showed patient demographic information, disease characteristics, treatment, and other related factors. The level of patient satisfaction for waiting time, staff interpersonal and technical quality, service, and overall was tested using an independent t-test to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between genders. The other is a one-way ANOVA, which examines whether status, the highest income, and frequency of hospital visits significantly affect patient satisfaction with waiting time.

The simulation is a time-based representation of a real-world given system's performance. This study aims to simulate and analyse patient waiting time in the outpatient department at a public clinic in Johor. A quantitative approach was used in this study. The data collection method was observation. The patients' waiting time at the health clinic will be observed. The data collection will be held for ten days. There have 400 respondents who participated in the study. Arena Software analysed the collected data on waiting time from observation. There were two categories of outpatients in that queue modelling: express and regular. Patients that receive express care are pregnant, old, and disabled. Whereas healthy and young patients were classified as regular patients. The data obtained from the simulation and the observation will be compared to determine whether it satisfies the verification and validation requirements.