We found that the development of systems supporting individual clinical decisions is evolving toward the implementation of adaptable care pathways on the semantic web, incorporating formal, clinical, and organizational ontologies, and the use of workflow management systems. These architectures now need to be implemented and evaluated on a wider scale within clinical settings.

Citation: Gooch, P. & Living, R. (2004). The therapeutic use of videogames within secure forensic settings: a review of the literature and application to practice. The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67(8), This is the draft version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: Introduction Occupational therapy and leisureIn a newly revised definition of occupational therapy, the College of Occupational Therapists has noted:The main aim of occupational therapy is to maintain, restore or create a match, beneficial to the individual, between the abilities of the person, the demands of her/his occupations in the areas of self care, productivity and leisure, and the demands of the environment (COT 2003, p8).Within the occupational therapy literature, leisure has been regarded as a core human occupation, essential to physical and psychological wellbeing, since the beginning of occupational therapy practice (Meyer 1922, cited in Suto 1998, Farnworth 2000. One aspect of leisure -play -has for a long time been recognised as developmentally important in children: being bounded by rules and conditions, play allows the child to adapt to the external environment, to discover how to use tools to operate on the environment and to practise taking on social roles without exposure to the consequences that might threaten survival (Kielhofner and Miyake 1981). Playing games equips children with the social skills needed to adapt to the requirements of a society (Greenfield 1993).The profession has only recently, however, considered adult leisure and play seriously (Suto 1998, Lobo 1999, Farnworth 2000, Hodgson et al 2001. For older adults, playing games is accompanied by a sense of belonging, continuity and mental and physical health (Hoppes et al 2001). For younger adults, leisure promotes personal development and positive mental health outcomes and prepares the young person for the worker role (Passmore 1998). Videogames as a leisure activityIt has been suggested that, as a result of man' s increasing reliance on technology in the workplace, the focus for personal development and maintenance of self-identity and self-worth has shifted from work to leisure (Suto 1998, Iso-Ahola 1980 cited in Bryce 2001. At the same time, technology has influenced the choice of leisure occupations: the invention of photography and motion pictures, the development of private and public transport from the automobile to the aeroplane, and the advent of the television, the video, the computer, the games console and the Internet (Bryce 2001).The occupational therapy literature considers leisure along the three axes of occupation/activity, time and subjective experience (Suto 1998, Lobo 1999. However, in the emerging leisure studies literature, a fourth axis is considered: leisure spaces (Bryce 2001). Changing technologies have brought about changes not only in the types of leisure activity in which one engages but also in the Engagement in leisure pursuits that involves th...

Analyzed thematically, mental health issues and pain are important themes; we have concluded that pain and mental health problems are primary drivers for inappropriate emergency room use. Age and sex were not significant. This proof of concept demonstrates the feasibly of combining natural language processing and primary care data to analyze a system use question. As a first work it supports further research and could be applied to investigate other, more complex problems.

Knowledge workers (such as healthcare information professionals, patent agents and recruitment professionals) undertake work tasks where search forms a core part of their duties. In these instances, the search task is often complex and time-consuming and requires specialist expert knowledge to formulate accurate search strategies. Interactive features such as query expansion can play a key role in supporting these tasks. However, generating query suggestions within a professional search context requires that consideration be given to the specialist, structured nature of the search strategies they employ. In this paper, we investigate a variety of query expansion methods applied to a collection of Boolean search strategies used in a variety of real-world professional search tasks. The results demonstrate the utility of context-free distributional language models and the value of using linguistic cues to optimise the balance between precision and recall.

Generation of entity coreference chains provides a means to extract linked narrative events from clinical notes, but despite being a well-researched topic in natural language processing, general-purpose coreference tools perform poorly on clinical texts. This paper presents a knowledge-centric and pattern-based approach to resolving coreference across a wide variety of clinical records from two corpora (Ontology Development and Information Extraction (ODIE) and i2b2/VA), and describes a method for generating coreference chains using progressively pruned linked lists that reduces the search space and facilitates evaluation by a number of metrics. Independent evaluation results give an F-measure for each corpus of 79.2% and 87.5%, respectively. A baseline of blind coreference of mentions of the same class gives F-measures of 65.3% and 51.9% respectively. For the ODIE corpus, recall is significantly improved over the baseline (p<0.05) but overall there was no statistically significant improvement in F-measure (p>0.05). For the i2b2/VA corpus, recall, precision, and F-measure are significantly improved over the baseline (p<0.05). Overall, our approach offers performance at least as good as human annotators and greatly increased performance over general-purpose tools. The system uses a number of open-source components that are available to download.