The paper examines how the localization of multinationals can be linked to the globalization of local business networks, particularly whether domestic linkages with foreign subsidiaries can facilitate the internationalization of local suppliers. Detailed interviews were held with 16 suppliers and 8 foreign investors in both the Scottish oil-gas and electronics industries. The results highlight the importance to suppliers of 'piggy-backing' multinationals into new markets, but show its greater signi cance in the oil-gas industry. The paper concludes that piggy-backing is dependent on the strength and value of domestic links between suppliers and subsidiaries. Industry-speci c factors determine the intensity of these linkages.The implications for such developments are being absorbed by planning and economic development policy-makers at regional and national levels, as supplier and investor development is increasingly being placed within a wider policy framework of cluster development.

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COPD is a progressive illness that requires a multidisciplinary approach to management. Our Drug review discusses its diagnosis and the available treatment options, followed by sources of further information.

InvestigationsPostbronchodilator spirometry should be assessed as this allows airflow obstruction to be quantified. Spirometry is mandatory for diagnosis and staging according to the Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD) and BTS guidelines, and helps to differentiate from asthma. 6 Airway obstruction is defined as a reduced post-Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and its management requires a multidisciplinary approach. This review discusses the diagnosis of COPD and the treatment options available.

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