Open governance and open data have given rise to new collaborative tools for public involvement in transit planning. The research presented in this paper extends such tools, adding tangible and interactive features in an attempt to foster interaction, dialog, and social learning. Three tools, representing the impacts of bus rapid transit (BRT) projects at the street, neighborhood, and regional scales, were deployed at a series of public workshops in Boston. A pre-/post-survey design reveals substantive learning about BRT, supported by participants' general agreement with statements about social learning. The quality of dialog in the workshops may point to the potential for more in-depth, double-loop learning. Of the tools used in the workshop, participants judged the one representing the street scale to be the easiest to use, whereas they judged the touchscreen regional map to be the most relevant and credible. Further research could test such tools with more representative participants and in other settings.
existing estimations of the risk of the job automation draw on microdata to estimate probabilities based on a subjective selection of the tasks that are most likely to be automated. this article analyses the different existing methodologies and suggests a complementary measure: a compound index that includes macroeconomic series in the calculation and allows permanent monitoring. OECD (2008, 49). 13 This assumption is corroborated in the study by Aboal and Zunino (2017), who observed that risk of automation decreases as education level increases. 14 Sectors where the risk of automation is low or medium were left out of the calculation. This is the case for construction, financial intermediation, real estate, public administration, and education, among others.
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