Pterosthetops impressus Species Group ... 24 Pterosthetops impressus new species .... 24 Pterosthetops harrisoni Species Group .... 26 Pterosthetops harrisoni new species .... 26 Pterosthetops brincki new species 27 Pterosthetops equestrius new species ..

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Exocrine secretion delivery systems (ESDS) of aquatic beetles in the family Hydraenidae are described for the first time, and used to clarify phylogenetic relationships within the family. ESDS components include secretion-grooming behavior, surface cuticular specializations for secretion delivery, locations of exocrine pores, and locations and densities of ductules and end-apparatus of exocrine glands. ESDS structures are illustrated with scanning electron micrographs and drawings. The systems function, at least in part, to maintain the respiratory bubble by making the cuticular surfaces within the bubble, and especially at critical marginal areas of the bubble, clean of hydrophilic microbes and debris. Secretion-grooming is performed out of the water, often with the beetle "on edge," the legs on the "free" side acting together in patterns of secretion spreading and mutual rubbing. Spreading of secretions on the cuticular surface, movement of secretions between body areas, and cleaning of the cuticle by scraping and rubbing are achieved by specialized patches and rows of setae on the legs.A reclassification of the family is proposed, based in large part on putative synapomorphic characters and morphoclines of the ESDS and antennal pocket. The following suprageneric taxa are proposed and characterized: Orchymontinae, new subfamily; new tribes Madagastrini, Parhydraenini, and Ochtheosini; and new subtribes Meropathina, Neochthebiina, Protochthebiina, and Enicocerina. In the Ochthebiinae, the "subgenera" Calobius Wollaston, Cobalius Rey, Liochthebius J. Sahlberg, and Notochthebius Orchymont are reduced to synonymy with Ochthebius, whereas full generic status is proposed for Aulacochthebius Kuwert and Enicocerus Stephens. In the Hydraeninae, Hydraenopsis Janssens and Spanglerina Perkins are synonymized with Hydraena Kugelann, whereas Haenydra Rey and Hadrenya Rey are considered valid subgenera.The following new genera and new species are described: Haptaenida huggerti (Ecuador), Madagaster steineri (Madagascar), Ochtheosus fungicolus (Chile), Protochthebius satoi (Nepal), Protozantaena labrata (South Africa), Pneuminion velamen (South Africa), and Tympallopatrum longitudum (Australia). Davidraena bacata n. sp. is described from India. Keys to the subfamilies, tribes, and genera of Hydraeninae, and tribes, subtribes, and genera of Ochthebiinae are given. Annals of Carnegie MuseumVOL. 66 maintained, and uses these new character systems to clarify relationships and classification of the family. Hydraenid beetles live in a wide variety of aquatic habitats. Although most species live at the sandy-gravelly margins of streams and ponds (Perkins, 1981), some species live in stagnant water (Cuppen, 1993), a very small percentage of the species are semiaquatic or humicolous (Perkins and Balfour-Browne, 1994), and one species, described herein, is fungicolous.Three hydraenid genera, Ochthebius, Hydraena, and Limnebius, have specialized "exocrine secretion delivery systems" (ESDS), described below, that help maintain the respira...

The Madagascar fauna of the beetle family Hydraenidae is comprehensively revised, based on the study and databasing of 6,949 specimens. New collection records are provided for 11 previously described species, and 95 new species are described. Three new subgenera of Hydraena, viz. H. (Micromadraena), H. (Monomadraena), and H. (Dnahydnaedna) are described, and several new species groups of Hydraena are diagnosed. Two new genera in the tribe Madagastrini are described: Menomadraena and Trinomadraena. The Malagasy hydraenid fauna now comprises 106 species arrayed in the following nine genera: Aulacochthebius (2), Hydraena (65), Limnebius (10), Madagaster (8), Menomadraena (6), Ochthebius (1), Protozantaena (5), Sicilicula (8), and Trinomadraena (1). Lectotypes are designated for the following species: Aulacochthebius plicicollis (Fairmaire), 1898 (Ochthebius); Hydraena dilutipes Fairmaire, 1898; Hydraena impressicollis Fairmaire, 1898; Hydraena marginicollis Regimbart, 1903 (= Hydraena regimbarti Zaitzev 1908; nomen novum); and Ochthebius alluaudi Regimbart, 1903. Hydraena discicollis Fairmaire, 1898, is considered a nomen dubium: no type specimens were found, and the description appears to be that of a species of Aulacochthebius or Ochthebius, not Hydraena. High resolution digital images of lectotypes and holotypes of new species are presented (online versions in color). Male genitalia, representative antennae, maxillary palpi, and female terminal abdominal segments and spermathecae are illustrated. Geographic distributions of all species are mapped. Possible colonization and vicariance events are discussed at the tribal, generic and species group levels. The tribe Madagastrini, found only in Madagascar and southern India, is hygropetric, indicating that this microhabitat type has been continuously present in both Madagascar and India at least since the two separated, currently estimated to be 88 million years ago. Contrastingly, some lowland lentic species of other genera appear to be closely related to species in southern Africa, suggesting rather recent colonization events. New species of Aulacochthebius: A. perlaevis (Mahajanga, Boeny: Mahavavy Kinkony RS). New species of Hydraena (Micromadraena): H. breviceps (Fianarantsoa, 29 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady); H. fortipes (Antsiranana, Forêt d' Antsahabe); H. genuvela (Antsiranana, Forêt de Binara); H. parvipalpis (Antananarivo, Réserve Spéciale d'Ambohitantely); H. rubridentata ((Mahajanga, Parc National de Namoroka); H. serripennis (Antsiranana, Forêt d' Antsahabe). New species of Hydraena (Monomadraena): H. acicula (Antsiranana, Antsaba, Galoko Mountains); H. ambohitantely (Antananarivo, Ambohitantely Spec. Res.); H. amplexa (Fianarantsoa, Andringitra NP); H. amplipunctata (Fianarantsoa, 7 km W Ranomafana); H. antsahabe (Antsiranana, Forêt d' Antsahabe); H. bergsteni (Antsiranana, Diana: Beraty); H. bisinuata (Toamasina, Tamatave 6.3 km S Ambanizona); H. bisinuloba (Toliara, Menabe: Kirindy RS.); H. bispica (Toamasina, Alaotra Mangoro: Analamazoatra SR); H. c...

New species of Hydraenidae are described in the genera Prosthetops Waterhouse (1), Pterosthetops Perkins (1), Parasthetops Perkins & Balfour-Browne (13), and Mesoceration Janssens (24). New collecting locality data are given for the following species described by Perkins & Balfour-Browne (1994): Parasthetops aeneus, P. nigritus, P. spinipes, P. curidius, Mesoceration distinctum, M. rivulare, M. jucundum, M. splendorum, M. rubidum, M. fusciceps, M. languidum, M. dissonum, M. rufescens, and M. brevigranum. High resolution digital images of the holotypes of new species are presented (online version in color), and male genitalia are illustrated. Distribution maps are provided for all prosthetopine species in the genera Prosthetops, Pterosthetops, Parasthetops, and Mesoceration. The following 39 new species are described (type locality in South Africa unless otherwise given): Prosthetops gladiator (Eastern Cape Province, summit of Prentjiesberg); Pterosthetops hawequas (Western Cape Province, Hawaquas radio tower); Parasthetops benefossus(Western Cape Province, Wiedouw farm), P. buunicornus (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. confluentus (Eastern Cape Province, Little Karroo, Baviaanskloof N valley), P. lemniscus (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. namibiensis (Namibia: Windhoek, Eros Mt.), P. pampinus (Western Cape Province, Dorps River into Prins Albert, Swartbergpas), P. parallelus (Northern Cape Province, Richtersveld, Oemsberg), P. propitius (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. retinaculus (Eastern Cape Province, Sundays River system, Letskraal), P. sebastiani (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. semiplanus (Eastern Cape Province, Sundays River system, Letskraal), P. striatus (Northern Cape Province, Namaqualand, Kamieskroon), P. unicornus (Eastern Cape Province, Naudes Nek, 12 miles ENE Rhodes); Mesoceration barriotum (Western Cape Province, Cape-Swartberg, Seweweekspoort Kloof), M. bicurvum (Eastern Cape Province, Wildebees River), M. bispinum (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Weza, Impetyene Forest), M. compressum (Eastern Cape Province, S. coast, Dwesa forest reserve), M. concavum (Mpumalanga Province, Blyderiver Canyon), M. curvosum (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Umtamvuna River), M. disjunctum (Eastern Cape Province, Nature's Valley Reserve), M. drakensbergensis (Lesotho, Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), M. durabilis (Western Cape Province, 2 miles SW of Citrusdal), M. granulovestum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. incarinum (Lesotho, Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), M. integer (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Busheladi Stream on Lundy's Hill near Deepdale), M. littlekarroo (Western Cape Province, Little Karroo, Rus-en-vredewaterf), M. longipennis (Western Cape Province, W. Wiedouw farm), M. maluti (Lesotho, Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), M. natalensis (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Umkomaas River, where crossed by Himeville to Impendhle road), M. periscopum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. piceum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. rapidensis (Western Cape Province, S. W. Cape Mts., Hawequas SE), M. repandum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. reticulatum (Western Cape Province, Nuweberg Forest Station), M. semicarinulum (Western Cape Province, Groot Toren farm), M. tabulare (Western Cape Province, Platteklip Gorge, north face of Table Mountain), M. umbrosum (Western Cape Province, Wiedouw farm).