Purpose This paper aims to address the urban mobility and traffic congestion problem under environmental dynamics to improve mobility and reduce traffic congestion using system dynamics (SD) simulation and scenarios. Design/methodology/approach SD simulation was used to analyze urban mobility and traffic congestion. Data were collected from the Transportation Department of Surabaya City. Several scenarios to improve urban mobility and reduce traffic congestion were developed by modifying the structures and parameters of the model. Findings Several factors influence urban mobility, including modal split, trip frequency, delay performance and the ratio of public transport supply and demand. Urban mobility, daily traffic and road capacity are some factors that affect traffic congestion. Scenarios can be designed based on the assumptions of the proposed strategy. Research limitations/implications The study was conducted at Surabaya City, East Java, Indonesia, which is the fourth most-congested city in the world. Practical implications By implementing several strategies (mass rapid transit and bus rapid transit development and public transport delay reduction), mobility performance is projected to be improved by 70.34-92.96%. With this increased mobility, traffic congestion is projected to decline by 52.5-65.8%. Originality/value The novel contributions of this research are: formulating relationships between several variables; modeling dynamic behavior of urban mobility and traffic congestion; and building scenario models to improve mobility and reduce traffic congestion in Surabaya. With the increase in urban mobility and the decrease in average daily traffic, traffic congestion could be reduced by a minimum of 57.6% and a maximum of 69%.

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Abstract Talangagung landfill is one of the zones that well managed by the government of Malang Regency which uses sanitary landfill method. Additionally, it's also succeeded in the utilization of methane gas which has already distributed to the residents around the landfill directly from the landfill zones for daily purposes. For a couple of years, the processing of municipal waste in Talangagung is quite well, however, the significant increase in the waste generation could lead to new management problems in the landfill. The models in this study were validated with a small error of E1 about 2.33% and the error of E2 about 0.76%. The prediction on the waste volume on next 20 years shows that the increased amount of waste volume soon or later will exceed the current capacity of landfill zones. The previous study about waste degradation shows the different time periods of degradation in various waste as fast as just about a month to more than 7 months. The simulation from this study shows that around 2004 require 2 landfill zones to use simultaneously. Hereafter, the prediction shows while in 2018 the landfill requires 3 zones used simultaneously, starts from 2025 there is necessary to use 4 zones simultaneously. Based on the simulation result, the landfill will overload in around 2026.