Numerous studies have examined the relations between body concerns and exercise. This meta-analysis is based on 35 studies with exercise programs influencing body concerns. There was an overall effect of .45, suggesting that exercise positively affects body concerns. Moderator variables, such as sex, type of exercise, and length of intervention were examined and discussed. Generally, there were no sex differences in effects of exercise on body concerns, but anaerobic exercise such as weight training generated a stronger effect (d= .64) than aerobic-type exercises such as jogging (d= .40).

This study examined math achievement of elementary school students when Math Out of the Box (MTB), an inquiry-based math program, was used to supplement curriculum. The sample consisted of 767 New Jersey students in the third, fourth, and fifth grades, with approximately one third using MTB. Math achievement was measured by an assessment developed by ETS and by New Jersey's standardized test of math proficiency (NJ ASK). On the ETS assessment, a small, statistically significant difference was found in each of the three grades between students who used MTB and those who did not. On NJ ASK, a small, statistically significant difference was found in the third grade only. While these findings are an important step in establishing the efficacy of MTB, selection bias may weaken the causal inferences drawn.