Effective control of fertility and new social roles of women caused that the time when a woman experiences cyclical hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle and the possible adverse symptoms associated with it became the period prevailing during the reproductive period of a woman's life. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) comprises clinically significant physical and psychological symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and cause significant distress and functional impairment. A broadly understood change in lifestyle, diet, systematic increase in physical activity, reduction of stimulants, but above all, keeping a diary of observation of alarming symptoms positively affects the improvement of women's well-being, accelerates the diagnosis and start of treatment.

The aim of this chapter is to explain how psychosomatic factors influence the development of obesity in children and adults. Obesity is one of the most popular chronic diseases, and it puts a person at risk for heart disease. Obesity promotes worry, stress, and depression, as well as affecting self-esteem and acceptance, according to scientific evidence. Obesity is becoming more common among children, which has been linked to bullying and emotional deterioration. As a result, in addition to seeing a dietician, an obese person should seek psychological help.

Surgical site infections are important and still more growing burden in 2023. WHO estimated that SSIs are one of the most common and frequent healthcare associated infections (HAI), and in the world’s perspective, it can occur up to 10% after surgeries [1]. The knowledge about preliminary and novel ways of diagnosis and treatment and prevention of this disease are important in improving outcomes. Reducing the amount of complications after surgeries is crucial in helping with the recovery and it is an outcome of both proper prehabilitation and safe surgical protocols . Especially focus on the preventive measures for SSI, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment can really improve overall survival, lower the incidence of further complications (including sepsis), and improve patients recovery. This paper summarizes the current guidelines indications as well as their reflection in novel published data.

Interstitial cystitis (IC) also known as bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is the presence of chronic or recurrent pain, feelings of tightness or discomfort perceived as associated with the bladder, accompanied by at least one lower urinary tract symptom in the absence of infection or other identifiable causes [1]. These symptoms are pain or burning while urinating; frequent urination; feeling the need to urinate despite having an empty bladder; bloody urine; pressure or cramping in the groin or lower abdomen. There is no laboratory test to make a diagnosis, it is often a diagnosis based on the exclusion of other diseases, one of the diagnostic methods is cystoscopy with the collection of specimens from the bladder and their histopathological examination [2]. Currently there is no causal treatment, only symptomatic treatment is used, such as intravesical administration of hyaluronic acid or surgical methods.

Takayasu's disease, also known as pulseless disease or aortic arch syndrome, is a rare inflammation of the aorta and its branches, and sometimes the pulmonary arteries, which, according to studies, occurs most frequently in people from the Far East and Asian countries. In addition, its incidence is significantly higher in women, and the mean age of affected patients is 45.4 years [1]. The first official clinical case report of the disease by Shimizu and Sano appeared in 1951, while the name of the disease was proposed by Cassamise and Okuda in 1954 to honour the first clinician, Mikito Takayasu, who as early as 1908 presented a case of a young female patient with characteristic fundus lesions associated with pulse disturbances [2].