Objective: This study evaluated the relation among weightbased stigmatization, ideological beliefs about weight, and psychological functioning in an obese, treatment-seeking sample. Research Methods and Procedure: Ninety-three obese, treatment-seeking adults (24 men and 69 women) completed a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring psychological adjustment, attitudes about weight, belief in the controllability of weight, and the frequency of weight-based stigmatization. Results: Weight-based stigmatization was a common experience for participants. Frequency of stigmatizing experiences was positively associated with depression, general psychiatric symptoms, and body image disturbance, and negatively associated with self-esteem. Further, participants' own negative attitudes about weight problems were associated with their psychological distress and moderated the relation between the experience of stigmatization and body image. Discussion:Weight-based stigmatization is a common experience for obese individuals seeking weight loss treatment and appears to contribute to poor mental health adjustment. The negative effects of these experiences are particularly damaging for those who hold strong antifat beliefs.

A (l(rmain-s|)e( ific model for the paientmg of deviant disfjositions in children is [)ro-I'losed in this paper. The model offered is predicated on the notion that in are,is ot

FRIEDMAN, KELLI E., SIMONA K. REICHMANN, PHILIP R. COSTANZO, AND GERARD J. MUSANTE. Body image partially mediates the relationship between obesity and psychological distress. Obes Res. 2002;10: 33-41. Objective: Body image is considered as a potential mediator of the relationship between obesity and psychological distress. Research Methods and Procedures:One hundred ten men and women in a residential weight control facility completed the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Rosenberg SelfEsteem Scale, and the Binge Eating Scale. Results: For both men and women, body-image satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between degree of overweight and depression/self-esteem. Discussion: Sociodemographic factors that may influence the relationships among weight, body image, and depression/self-esteem are discussed.

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ABSTRACT. Objective: This study examined changes in drinking behavior after age 50 and baseline personal characteristics and subsequent life events associated with different alcohol-consumption trajectories during a 14-year follow-up period. Method: Data were taken from the Health and Retirement Study. The study sample included individuals ages 51-61 in 1992 who survived the sample period (1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) and had at least fi ve interviews with alcohol consumption information, yielding an analysis sample of 6,787 (3,760 women). We employed linear regression to determine drinking trajectories over 1992-2006. Based on these fi ndings, each sample person was classifi ed into one of fi ve drinking categories. We used multinomial logit analysis to assess the relationship between personal demographic, income, health, and attitudinal characteristics as well as life events and drinking-trajectory category. Results:Overall, alcohol consumption declined. However, rates of decline differed appreciably among sample persons, and for a minority, alcohol consumption increased. Persons with increasing consumption over time were more likely to be affl uent (relative-risk ratio [RRR] = 1.09, 95% CI [1.05, 1.12]), highly educated (RRR = 1.20, 95% CI [1.09, 1.31]), male, White (RRR = 3.54, 95% CI [1.01, 12.39]), unmarried, less religious, and in excellent to good health. A history of problem drinking before baseline was associated with increases in alcohol use, whereas the reverse was true for persons with histories of few or no drinking problems. Conclusions: There are substantial differences in drinking trajectories at the individual level in midlife and late life. A problem-drinking history is predictive of alcohol consumption patterns in later life. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 71, 169-179, 2010)