Objectives To assess the proportion of breech presentations diagnosed in labour and to compare their outcomes with those diagnosed prior to the onset of labour. Design Retrospective casenote review. Setting Mill Road Maternity Hospital, a teaching hospital in central Liverpool. Subjects Three hundred and five singleton breech presentations delivered in the hospital between January 1988 and July 1991; 226 cases prior to the onset of labour and 79 cases diagnosed for the first time in labour. Main outcome measures Rates of vaginal delivery and caesarean section, birthweight, short term morbidity as assessed by trauma, signs of cerebral irritation and admission to the newborn intensive care unit (NBICU), and Apgar scores. Results Breech presentations diagnosed for the first time in labour were more likely to deliver vaginally than those assessed and allowed to go into labour (odds ratio 1:68 95% CI 1.0–3.0). This difference was not due to demographic variables or differences in birthweight. There was no short term morbidity attributable to vaginal breech delivery. Conclusion A significant number of breech presentations are not detected until labour despite rigorous antenatal surveillance. Our results show that undiagnosed breeches may not be important as they are more likely to deliver vaginally, with no excess morbidity or mortality, compared to diagnosed breeches in labour, carefully assessed for vaginal delivery. There are, therefore, no grounds for delivering all undiagnosed breeches by caesarean section.

The use of the suffix ια is interesting to study. According to Buck and Petersen combined words in -ια, Ion. -ιη, and those in -ιӑ in the same list because of practical convenience and their interrelations in Greek. On the other side there are uses that actually have their own peculiarities. There are many substantives without connections with adjectives in -ιος because prehistoric substantivations may be surmised. Καρδίας (in genitive) is an example of old concrete substantives in -ια is related to Hittie gen. kardias. Words in -ιă or -įāreflect a type which in the other IE languages appears as an ī/yā stem such as in Sankrit (nom. devī, acc. devīm, gen. devyās, dat.devyāi, etc.).

The issue of the relationship between faith and knowledge is very interesting to be studied from the contemporary times. Each period of life is unique in understanding the issues of faith and knowledge. Likewise, John Hick's opinion in his book ‘Faith and Knowledge’ is very interesting to be researched.In this brief paper, the writer limits the definitions analysis to Oxford Dictionary and John Hick. Then, the writer will evaluate those definitions to clarify the relationship between faith and knowledge. The understanding that opposes faith and knowledge will cause confusion when talking about the issue of them.Is there a gap between faith and knowledge? We would say that there is no gap between them. We admit, however, that there is a sequence or an order between them. First, it begins with the revelation of God that produces passive faith to us. Through various circumstances, experiences and education, we as human being will embrace the process of getting knowledge about reality and God’s revelation.

Since Indonesia is also one of the most diverse societies in the world such as there are over three hundred different ethnic groups in Indonesia, each with its own cultural identity, and more than two hundred and fifty distinct languages are spoken, then Pancasila is created as philosophic fundamentals of the state to supports the diversity in Indonesia. Pancasila (from a Sankrit word: panca: five and sila: principle) consists of five principles that are interrelated and inseparable to generate unity in diversity (bhinnekatunggalika). In this paper, I will argue that Pancasila promotesand facilitates religious diversity although religious culture in Indonesia does not promote religious pluralism.

Hodayot, in Hebrew means thanksgiving Psalms, is a collection of approximately thirty poems that give thanks to God. Hodayot is an important resource for understanding the piety and religious devotion of those who composed and recited them.In reconstructing of the original scroll, uses direct joins method, vertical alignment of material, horizontal alignment of material, and placement of fragments according to the Scribal Hands.The benefits of this reconstruction: Firstly, the accurate placing of adjacent fragments has enabled more portions of meaningful text to be recovered. Secondly, this method allows the original length of the scroll to be estimated as twenty-seven or twenty-eight columns of forty-one to forty-two lines each. The average length of lines is also known. Thirdly, it is now possible to investigate the overall structure of the collection, particularly when the data from the Cave 4 manuscripts is also considered. This group contains all of the compositions identified as Teacher Hymns and it strengthens the argument that they represent a distinct group by a single author.