This book examines the effects of Christianization upon regional identity and political thought in the eastern Mediterranean in the fifth and sixth centuries. Itfocuses on the centrifugal effects of foundation myths, especially within the Syriac‐speaking world. These myths produced a sense of cultural independence, peculiar to Syria and Mesopotamia, and this in turn provided the basis for a more radical challenge to the Roman emperor, during the turbulent Christological controversies of the sixth century. The book begins by examining how bishops and emperors could use Christianity to manage and control local religious behaviour, before turning to the rich evidence from the city of Edessa, and its Syriac legends of early kings and missionaries, to investigate how the connection between religion and cultural independence worked within the Christian Roman empire. At a time when Jews in the Roman world were increasingly differentiated by religion and custom, this book investigates how far Edessenes and other Syriac‐speakers were consciously members of a distinctive group. The argument continues by discussing the transformation of this cultural legacy in the sixth century, when the hagiographies of bishops such as John of Ephesus began to invoke local belief and culture in Mesopotamia as an ancient orthodoxy, that made Edessa or Mesopotamia a chosen land, preserving true belief at a time when the rest of the empire had gone astray. For these authors, the emperor's ruler was conditional on his obedience to Christ, the true ruler of all.

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Table of contentsO1 The European Social Preferences Measurement (ESPM) study project: social cost value analysis, budget impact, commercial life cycle revenue management, and the economics of biopharmaceutical Research & Development (R&D)Michael Schlander, Søren Holm, Erik Nord, Jeff Richardson, Silvio Garattini, Peter Kolominsky-Rabas, Deborah Marshall, Ulf Persson, Maarten Postma, Steven Simoens, Oriol de Solà Morales, Keith Tolley, Mondher Toumi, Harry TelserO2 Newborn Screening: the potential and the challengesJames R BonhamO3 Untreatable disease outcomes - how would we measure them?Helmut Hintner, Anja Diem, Martin LaimerO4 Taking Integrated Care Forward: Experiences from Canada to inspire service provision for people living with rare disease in EuropeRéjean HébertO5 Listening to the patient’s voice: social media listening for safety and benefits in rare diseasesNabarun Dasgupta, Carrie E. Pierce, Melissa JordanO6 Via Opta: Mobile apps making visually impaired patients’ lives easier Barbara Bori, Mohanad Fors, Emilie PrazakovaO7 A report of the IRDiRC “Small Population Clinical Trial” Task ForceSimon DayO8 HAE patient identification and diagnosis: An innovative, ‘game changing’ collaborationThomas J. Croce Jr.O9 Co-creating with the community: primary packaging & administration for people with haemophiliaJonas Fransson, Philip WoodO10 Go with Gaucher, taking forward the next generation. How to involve young people to create a new generation of patient advocatesAnne-Grethe Lauridsen, Joanne Higgs, Vesna Stojmirova AleksovskaP1 ODAK – Orphan Drug for Acanthamoeba KeratitisChristina Olsen, Ritchie Head, Antonio Asero, Vincenzo Papa, Christa van Kan, Loic Favennec, Silvana Venturella, Michela Salvador, Alan KrolP5 Rare Navigators help people living with rare diseases to manage the social – and healthcare systems Stephanie J. Nielsen, Birthe B. HolmP6 The eAcademy for Tay-Sachs & Sandhoff disease appDaniel Lewi, Patricia DurãoP10 The role of a patient organisation in driving the research agenda in a rare diseaseHeather Band, Andrea WestP13 Expertise for rare diseases mappedMarinda J.A. Hammann, Marije C. Effing-Boele, Hanka K. DekkerP14 The hidden costs of rare diseases: a feasibility studyAmy Hunter, Amy SimpsonP15 FDA’s new natural history grant program: support to build a solid foundation for development of products for rare diseasesGumei Liu, Katherine Needleman, Debra Lewis, Gayatri RaoP17 Understanding the wider impact of adrenal insufficiency: patient organisation involvement in the TAIN projectAmy Simpson, Amy Hunter, Martin J WhitakerP20 Bridging the gaps between medical and social care for people living with a rare diseaseRaquel Castro

This article considers the Islamic-era sources that report the history of the last Sasanian kings. It focuses on scenes that seem to indicate Christian influence and asks what this tells us about Christian transmission of the Middle Persian royal histories and about the position of Christians in the empire more broadly. In particular, it discusses three scenes from al-Ṭabarī: his presentation of Hormizd IV as a ‘pluralist’ monarch; the changing attitudes of Christians to Khusrau II and the presentation of Khusrau's short-lived successors.

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