Even in cases of severe medial osteoarthritis and varus malalignment, HTO in combination with a CR procedure is a good to excellent treatment option. The role of the CR procedure remains unclear. Although good results are obtained with overcorrected MPTA, long-term functional outcome is inferior.

Postoperative septic arthritis is rare but serious after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. Graft retention and good to excellent clinical results can be obtained with an arthroscopic treatment protocol. The duration of antibiotic therapy should be based on the individual course.

No abstract

Retrospective case series, Level IV.

Purpose To analyse 1000 consecutive patients, treated with isolated or combined posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction in a single centre according to the epidemiological factors and differences in injury patterns depending on the activity during trauma. Methods Between 2004 and 2019, one thousand isolated and combined PCL reconstructions were performed. The medical charts and surgical reports of all patients were analysed regarding epidemiological factors. The PCL lesions were divided into isolated and combined lesions with at least one additional ligamentous injury. The influence of activity during accident and additional injury on the presence of isolated or combined lesions and injury patterns was calculated. Results In 388 patients (38.8%), sporting activity was the main activity in PCL lesions, followed by traffic accidents in 350 patients (35.0%). Combined injuries were present in 227 patients (58.5%) with sports injuries and 251 patients (71.7%) with traffic accidents. Only during handball, an isolated PCL lesion (69.1%) was more common than a combined lesion. Highest rate of combined lesions was present in car accidents (91.7%). In all activities except skiing and biking, the most common additional peripheral injury was a tear of the posterolateral corner. In skiing and biking accidents, the most common additional peripheral lesion was a lesion of the medial collateral ligament. In patients with PCL lesion and additional fracture of the same lower extremity, a combined lesion was more common than an isolated lesion (p = 0.001). Conclusion Combined PCL lesions are more common than isolated lesions, even in sports injuries (except handball). Incidence and injury pattern vary depending on activity during trauma. Main additional peripheral lesion is a lesion of the posterolateral corner, except biking and skiing accidents where a medial lesion is more common. Level of evidence Level III.