In recent empirical research, the experience of groove (i.e., the pleasant sense of wanting to move along with the music) has come into focus. By developing the new Experience of Groove Questionnaire (EGQ), Senn et al. (2020) have provided a standardized and validated research instrument for future studies, consisting of the two correlated factors Urge to Move and Pleasure. The present study reports the translation of the English version into German and a validation with a German sample (N = 455). The original version’s factor structure was confirmed by the German data. Test-retest reliability was found to be high (rtt > .85) for both factors. To determine convergent validity, two other scales were included: The Drum Pattern Quality Scale (Frühauf, Kopiez, & Platz, 2013) and the Aesthetic Emotions Scale (Schindler et al., 2017) showed high correlations (.78 < r < .87) with the two factors of the EGQ and therefore indicated convergent validity. We conclude that the German version shows good psychometric properties and recommend its use for future research on the experience of groove.
ZusammenfassungNur wenige Langzeitstudien beschreiben bislang musikalische Entwicklungsverläufe mit einem Fokus auf Begabungsforschung (Müllensiefen 2017). Diese Lücke will der vorliegende Beitrag schließen und anhand der Daten aus einer internationalen Langzeitstudie die Frage beantworten, wie hilfreich unterschiedliche Begabungsansätze für die Modellierung musikalischer Entwicklung sind. Dabei soll untersucht werden, wie sich verschiedene Definitionen musikalischer Begabung und deren statistische Umsetzung auf die Identifikation musikalisch Begabter auswirken. Hierfür werden klassische Begabungskriterien nach Gagné (1998) und der TAD-Ansatz (Preckel et al. 2020) zur Klassifizierung der Studienteilnehmer/innen verwendet und die Ergebnisse miteinander verglichen. In beiden Ansätzen erweisen sich fluide Intelligenz, Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität, die Persönlichkeitsdimension Offenheit und der Glaube an die Veränderbarkeit von Musikalität durch Training als robuste Prädiktoren. Als zentraler Unterschied zeigt sich, dass die perzeptuellen musikalische Fähigkeiten der Begabten, die nach traditionellen Kriterien ausgewählt wurden, ab dem ersten Messzeitpunkt sinkt. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Referenz auf das Phänomen der Regression zur Mitte diskutiert und legen nahe, dass die Analyse von Langzeitdaten unter Berücksichtigung des TAD-Ansatzes einen geeigneteren Ansatz für Entscheidungen über die musikalische Begabung von Jugendlichen darstellen.
In this study, we aimed to disentangle the differential contributions of 36 musical examples, each in three versions of instrumentation (original, drums only, without drums), to the experience of groove (measured by the factor Urge to Move in the Experience of Groove Questionnaire). The music was unmixed into separate tracks using Spleeter software. Furthermore, musical low-level audio features (e.g., subband spectral flux [SBF]) and person-related factors (musical sophistication and stylistic preferences) were considered as predictors for the groove experience. In an incomplete repeated measures design, each participant (N = 71) listened to 10 of the 36 stimuli in all three versions. Linear mixed models showed that the original version triggered a higher sensation of groove compared to the without-drums version (β = −0.41 with 95% CI [−0.65; −0.16]) and to the drums-only version (β = −0.20 with [−0.44; 0.04]). Low-level audio features predicting a robust high Urge to Move were event density (ED; medium effect), the Short Test of Music Preferences' factor Energetic & Rhythmic (small effect), and the interaction between stimulus version drums-only and SBF 50-100 Hz (medium effect). We suggest that groove does not result from a simple addition of isolated instrumentation components but is the supra-summative outcome of a complex (and not yet fully understood) interaction between various high-and low-level musical factors.
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