Hypoparathyroidism in children is most often due to mutations in genes involved in parathyroid development and calcium homeostasis signaling. Some rare cases result from autoimmune attack on the parathyroid glands as a part of the type 1 polyglandular failure syndrome (autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy). The majority of cases of pediatric hypoparathyroidism are well controlled under conventional treatment with calcium and vitamin D analogs. However, this treatment may be difficult to manage, especially in two situations: 1) in the context of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy and 2) activating mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor. We successfully treated three patients with hypoparathyroidism with continuous subcutaneous administration of rhPTH(1-34) (recombinant human PTH(1-34)), two of which were refractory to conventional therapy.

Using a free-mixing preparation of aspart and detemir insulin decreases hypoglycemia in young children with type 1 diabetes.