Abstract:In boreal forested wetlands, the observed increase in the water table level after clearcutting (watering-up) is often a threat to sustained ecosystem productivity. Hydrologic recovery refers to the processes by which a water table progressively drops back to its initial level after the cut. In eastern Canada, drainage is used operationally after clearcutting wet sites in order to lower the water table level and accelerate hydrologic recovery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the duration of the watering-up caused by timber harvesting and the extent to which drainage affected the water table recovery on five peatlands and three hydromorphic mineral sites located in the St. Lawrence Lowlands of Québec (Canada). The mixed wood stands studied are dominated by balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.), and red maple (Acer rubrum L). Results indicate that, 10 years after clearcutting, water table levels in undrained plots are still 5 to 7 cm higher than the pre-cut levels. The slight recovery in water table level plateaued after the third year. Rainfall interception by vegetation was also monitored, and after 10 years had reached nearly 50% of the pre-cut rate. The immediate water table drawdown following drainage mitigated watering-up within 40 m of a ditch. The persistent watering-up observed in this study should encourage using sylvicultural systems adapted to boreal forested wetlands in order to prevent productivity loss and stand conversion.
La couverture médiatique des campagnes électorales reçoit depuis longtemps une attention soutenue de la part des chercheurs. Outre la question, ici évacuée, de l'impartialité dans la couverture des différents partis politiques, deux dimensions du traitement journalistique de l'information lors des campagnes électorales retiennent particulièrement l'attention de la recherche : d'une part, le cadrage~framing! de la campagne, c'est-à-dire l'angle sous lequel les journalistes présentent les événe-ments de la campagne électorale; d'autre part, le ton et la posture critique que les journalistes adoptent face aux actes des politiciens.Dans la foulée des travaux de Patterson~1980; 1993!, on distingue deux principaux types de cadrage dans la couverture journalistique des campagnes électorales : l'un insiste sur les enjeux, les propositions des partis et les qualités professionnelles des candidats ; l'autre, connu sous l'expression de horse race journalism, met plutôt l'accent sur la compéti-tion partisane, c'est-à-dire « on the "game" and "event" elements of the campaign, including who is ahead, who is behind, who is gaining, who is losing, what campaign strategy is being followed, and what the impact of campaign activities is on the candidate's chances of winning »~Joslyn, Acknowledgments: Cet article repose sur des données produites par le Centre d'études sur les médias de l'Université Laval. Nous remercions son secrétaire général Daniel Giroux et Sébastien Charlton pour leur collaboration. Nous remercions également Colette Brin, Jean Charron, Thierry Giasson et les évaluateurs anonymes de la Revue pour leurs commentaires judicieux sur la version préliminaire de ce texte, présentée également au congrès annuel de la Société québécoise de science politique tenu en mai 2010.
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