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Background: Since the introduction of the first flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope by Shigeto Ikeda in 1966, fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) has been a valuable tool in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report our one-year experience with the yield of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy at MGM Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Maharashtra.Methods: A retrospective study of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) was performed at MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra during the period 2015-2016. Bronchoscopy was performed and collection of bronchial washing, bronchial brushing, bronchial biopsy and transbronchial needle aspiration was done.Results: Out of 192 patients, 140 were males and 52 were females. Majority of them were in age group 50-59 years. Main indication was pulmonary tuberculosis. Bronchial washings were done in 168 cases and brushing in 56 cases and common location for both was right upper lobe; bronchial biopsy was done in 90 cases with commonest location left main bronchus. Transbronchial needle aspiration was done in 4 cases, active bleed was seen in 6 cases and purulent discharge was seen in 24 cases. Bronchoscopic finding in majority of patients was normal tracheobronchial tree.Conclusions: The optimal use of conventional bronchoscopy and its techniques in the hands of experienced respiratory interventionists, with the adherence of the international guidelines for performing these techniques will improve the diagnostic outcomes of those patients with the least morbidity and mortality, employing better therapeutic strategies, and thus improving the overall management of those patients.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide (22%) and India ranks the second after cervical cancer. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC increases to 99% when it is combined with clinical and radiological examination. In this study, authors plan to correlate the cytological findings with histopathological examinations for breast lesions and determine the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of breast lesions.Methods: It is a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Pathology at a Tertiary Care Hospital. All the FNAC results of breast lesions during the one year period were collected. Gauge needle maximum of 3 passes were made and the slides were fixed in 70-80% alcohol and stained with routine haematoxylin and eosin stain.Results: Among 200 patients, 197 were females and 3 were males. Benign breast lesions were found in 158 cases; among which fibroadenoma was the commonest lesion. Malignancy was observed in 25 cases. Two cases of phyllodes tumour were incorrectly reported as fibroadenoma on cytology. Of 12 cases which were diagnosed to have atypical lesions, 4 cases were papillary neoplasm, and 8 cases were atypical ductal hyperplasia.Conclusions: This study concludes that breast FNAC is a reliable, easy, cheap and effective procedure for the diagnosis. It reduces the need of core needle biopsies and very well correlated with histopathological examination. FNAC differentiates non neoplastic from the neoplastic by which it reduces the patient’s anxiety and helps the surgeons in planning the mode of treatment.

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