Infraocclusion of a primary molar is a relatively common occurrence which seldom leads to serious complications, particularly when the succedaneous permanent tooth is present. Despite the relative infrequency of unfavorable outcomes, an infraoccluded primary molar may be associated with other dental anomalies, including hypodontia. If diagnosis is delayed, infraocclusion of a primary molar can become severe, with associated negative effects on the adjacent teeth and alveolar bone. This emphasizes the need for routine and periodic orthodontic assessment of growing patients. Any deviation from the normal eruption sequence of teeth should be diagnosed and managed in a timely manner, to preserve dental arch integrity and reduce the potential for undesirable outcomes. This case report demonstrates how comprehensive assessment of the dentition, logical treatment planning and careful management of challenging orthodontic tooth movements can combine to provide a pleasing treatment outcome.

Infraocclusion of a primary molar is a relatively common occurrence which seldom leads to serious complications, particularly when the succedaneous permanent tooth is present. Despite the relative infrequency of unfavourable outcomes, an infraoccluded primary molar may be associated with other dental anomalies, including hypodontia.

Tooth autotransplantation is the technique of transplanting embedded, impacted or erupted teeth from one site into another in the same individual. It is relatively common for the anterior segment of the mouth to be affected by traumatic tooth injuries, impacted and/or congenitally missing permanent teeth. Autotransplantation of teeth into the anterior dental arch can provide unrivalled biological solutions when such issues arise in this critical aesthetic zone, particularly for adolescent patients. The combination of meticulous pre‐surgical assessment, synergistic interdisciplinary collaboration and carefully performed anterior tooth autotransplantation has been demonstrated to achieve impressive outcomes, with respect to both transplant survival and clinical success. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.

A female patient, aged 15 years and 4 months at the commencement of treatment, presented with a mild Class III malocclusion, an anterior open bite and crowded, lingually collapsed arches. Non-surgical treatment was undertaken utilising the extraction of a lower incisor and clear aligners to control the vertical dimension, extrude the incisors and resolve the crowding. The case was completed in 21 months. Favourable occlusal and facial/aesthetic outcomes were obtained. A unique feature of this case report was that digital files of the prescribed and achieved outcomes were available for superimposition, and so it was possible to demonstrate the level to which the clinical outcome matched the virtual prescribed plan designated in the ClinCheck® software.

Palatally impacted canines are regarded as being potentially difficult to treat orthodontically, and so factors that may influence the duration of treatment are important to both patients as well as clinicians. The literature would support increasing age into adulthood, female gender, horizontal angulation, increasing mesial displacement, increasing vertical displacement and bilateral impaction as factors prolonging treatment. There appears to be considerable correlation between these factors, reflecting the underlying severity of impaction. There does not appear to be a relationship between the modality of treatment, both interceptive or surgical, on treatment duration. The morphology of palatally impacted canines differs from non-impacted canines, with these teeth exhibiting shorter roots and longer crowns, as well as apical hooks. The influence of labial impaction and apical morphology of maxillary canines on treatment duration should be investigated further. 10 Stewart et al. arbitrarily divided those impactions less than 14mm from the occlusal plane (23.8 months to treat), with those impactions greater than 14mm from the occlusal plane (31.1 months to treat), and found a difference in treatment of 7.3 months with higher impaction. 18 They attributed this relationship to the greater distance the canine had to travel to the occlusal plane, but also noted that increased vertical displacement was also associated with greater angulation, medial displacement, and younger age. Zuccati et al. calculated that an additional visit was required for every 0.63mm increase in distance of the canine cusp tip from the occlusal plane. 13 Baccetti et al. and Crescini et al. found that every 1mm of distance of the cusp of the impacted canine to the occlusal plane required approximately 1 more week of active orthodontic traction to retrieve the canine. 19, 20 Nieri et al.'s analysis of the same population confirmed that the greater the vertical ddistance, the longer the duration of traction, and consequently, the longer the duration of treatment. 21 Schubert & Baumert found that both increased d1 (canine cusp tip to the occlusal plane) and d2 (a new measure introduced by these authors, measured from the cusp tip to target point P, where P is defined as the point of intersection between the occlusal plane and the perpendicular formed from the middle of the shortest connecting lines between the distal rim of the lateral incisor and mesial rim of the first premolar) were correlated with increased duration of canine alignment, total treatment time, and number of visits. 16 Furthermore, d1 and d2 were also related to the α-angulation (canine long axis to midline) and β-angulation (canine long axis to lateral incisor). They found that d1 explained 36.5% of the treatment duration (canine alignment in months), and d2 explained 39.1%, with the authors suggesting that d2 is the most important factor in estimating treatment times. Bazargani et al. found that increasing distance from the occlusal plane prolonged treatment time. 22 Adjusting...