This study investigated alcohol misuse associated with risky sexual behavior, which poses a challenge in South Africa, where the rate of HIV transmission is high. Southern Africa faces the challenge of HIV risk behavior, which is linked to the misuse of alcohol. The use of the qualitative research methodology was appropriate, as the researchers were interested in gaining a deeper insight into and understanding of male youth's perceptions. The findings also indicate that alcohol has a negative impact on HIV prevention. Unprotected sex, which is connected to alcohol misuse, is one of the ways in which the HIV pandemic is perpetuated. We recommend that a policy should be developed and implemented, with regards to the integration school programs on HIV and alcohol use, in order to enable young people to prevent HIV infection. Raise ongoing awareness of alcohol abuse in communities, in order to reduce the rates of HIV transmission.

The aim of this paper was to critically review literature regarding the social support among heart disease patients. Social support has been prospectively associated with prognosis among heart disease patients. Psychosocial factors such as depression and low social support are established risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with heart disease. Patients living with heart disease who receive proper social support have a better prognosis than those who do not have this support. This is a qualitative meta synthesis study. Thus, literature on social support among heart disease patients were searched and reviewed. Information about the available social support, beneficial supportive actions, social support factors contributing to heart disease, and social support challenges faced by heart disease patients were identified and discussed. The paper concludes that information regarding social support available to heart disease patients, supportive actions beneficial to heart disease patients, social support factors contributing to heart disease and social support challenges faced by heart disease patients is paramount for the development of a clinical assessment tool and support model for heart disease patients; and recommends that identified information should be used to develop a clinical assessment tool to obtain baseline social support information from every heart disease patient, to inform effective social support interventions.

The purpose of the study was to explore the influence of alcohol misuse in HIV-infection at the Health and Welfare Organisation in South Africa. There is an association between alcohol misuse and HIV transmission. Male youths may lack understanding of the effects of alcohol on their sexual behavior when under the influence of alcohol. This makes male youths vulnerable to HIV infection. Qualitative methodology was used for an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. The findings indicate that many male youths are aware of HIV-preventative methods, but their behavior is not always in line with what they know. Therefore, we recommend that male youths should be taught about the risk of HIV infection associated with alcohol misuse in various places such as schools and taverns. HIV/AIDS education should emphasize practical intervention strategies. Condom use should not be neglected in favor of newer preventative strategies such as male circumcision and pre-exposure prophylaxis.

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