Four cases of first branchial arch defects are presented. The literature relating to such defects is reviewed and a possible embyrogenic mechanism is proposed with particular reference to the disposition of the facial nerve. The classification of these defects into Types I and II by Work (1972) is supported

Fifteen patients with perilymphatic fistulae were evaluated. Of these patients, three had CSF leaks in addition to the perilymphatic fistulae. Eight patients had fistulae of one or both windows; two had fistulae confined to the lateral semicircular canal; and two had combined fistulae of both round window and lateral semicircular canals. All improved dramatically following surgical repair.In the following study, we have shown that perilymphatic fistulae can occur in the lateral semicircular canal, and we suggest exploration of this area when indicated.

Treatment of a circumferential strangulation wound of the crural region involving all extensor tendons in a foalA 6-month old foal was presented to the hospital with an strangulation injury in the upper tarsal joint region of the left hind limb. The injury was caused by a barbed wire fence which had been constricting the joint and surrounding tissue for approximately 48 hours. The laceration caused by this trauma could not be closed primarily and an extensive debrediment was necessary. A lavage of sterile NaCl and Octenidin HCl ® solution (12 PSI) was used to clean the wound. Examination of the area following the lavage showed that the the medial digital flexor tendons, the peroneus tertius tendon horse as well as the periost of the dorsodistal tibia were damaged. Antibiotics and antiinflammatories were administered. Within six days necrotic tissue enveloped the affected tendons and extension of the proximal tarsal joint was no longer possible. In order to counteract this effect a dorsal cast was applied. After a secondary infection developed, the laceration was also locally treated with different wound dressings such as Alginates, Absorbers and Foils after lavaging with Octenidin HCl ® solution. Additionally, laser treatment was applied to the wound. Thirty-seven days after the first treatment a sequester of the tibia had to be removed. In order to assist the growth of healthy epithelium, a skin transplant was undertaken using 20 Punch Grafts (day 45). Six months later, the laceration remained only barely open and the foal was sent home with a physiological function of the limb on even ground.